Green synthesis of Brassica carinata microgreen silver nanoparticles, characterization, safety assessment, and antimicrobial activities.

Nanotechnology has been a central focus of scientific investigation over the past decades owing to its versatile applications. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through plant secondary metabolites is a cost-effective and eco-friendly approach. The present study employed Brassica carinata microgreen extracts (BCME) to promote the reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) salt into Brassica carinata microgreen silver nanoparticles (BCM-AgNPs). The physicochemical properties of the biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized through both spectroscopy and microscopy techniques. Furthermore, the antimicrobial property of the biosynthesized AgNPs was assessed against six selected pathogenic microorganisms, and finally, their safety was evaluated on a normal Vero cell line through an MTT cytotoxicity assay. The UV-visible spectrum revealed that BCM-AgNPs exhibited an absorption peak at 420 nm. The potential functional groups involved in the biosynthesis of AgNPs were identified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a spherical nature of the biosynthesized AgNPs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed the crystallinity of the AgNPs, averaging 34.68 nm in size. X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigation further confirmed the crystalline structure of the AgNPs. The zeta potential exhibited a significant value of - 22.5 ± 1.16 mV. Regarding the antimicrobial potential, BCM-AgNPs exhibited promising antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 62.5 µg/mL observed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Further cytotoxicity assessment of BCM-AgNPs conducted on Vero cells demonstrated their safety. This study presents a novel approach to synthesizing AgNPs using a nutraceutical microgreen, offering a biocompatible and promising alternative for combating multi-drug resistance.

Somda D ，Bargul JL ，Wesonga JM ，Wachira SW ... -  《Scientific Reports》

Potential biological application of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Citrus paradisi leaves.

Developing sustainable and eco-friendly methods for nanoparticle (NP) production in an era of environmental consciousness is crucial. This study introduces a novel approach to synthesizing silver (Ag) NPs using Citrus paradisi leaves extract (CPLE) as a green precursor at optimum conditions of the AgNO3 (2 mM) with CPLE in 1:3 ratio, at pH 14 and 80 °C temperature for reaction time of 4 h. The CP@AgNPs were formed and stabilized by Naringen, a major Citrus paradisi component. CP@AgNPs were thoroughly characterized through ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) imaging techniques. CP@AgNPs demonstrated SPR peak at 450 nm, face cubic crystal structure, the average size of 8 nm, rod-shaped particle adsorbed on quasi-spherical shaped agglomerated NPs, significantly impacting both environmental and biomedical fields. In the catalytic degradation experiment, an application for environment pollutant reducer, CP@AgNPs, achieved an impressive 85% degradation efficiency of the methyl orange (MO) dye, showcasing their potential as a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment. Additionally, CP@AgNPs exhibited potent anti-biofilm properties, with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 0.13 and 0.12 mg/ml against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), respectively, indicating their promise in addressing biofilm-related issues in healthcare and industrial settings. CP@AgNPs also displayed exceptional antioxidant potential with IC50 values of 2.02, 0.07, and 0.035 mg/ml for CPLE, CP@AgNPs, and ascorbic acid, respectively, in scavenging DPPH radical, suggesting their utility in biomedical applications for mitigating oxidative stress. Notably, the bio-activity results of CP@AgNPs surpassed those of CP leaf extract, highlighting the enhanced properties achieved through this green synthesis approach. This study provides a sustainable and environmental remediation to biomedical science.

Akhter N ，Batool M ，Yaqoob A ，Shahid M ，Muhammad F ，Khan J ，Mudassir MA ，Rasheed M ，Javed S ，Al Farraj DA ，Alzaidi I ，Iqbal R ，Malaga-Toboła U ，Gancarz M ... -  《Scientific Reports》

Biosynthesis of antimicrobial nanoparticle from Swertia spp. (Chirayita) against bacterial pathogens of poultry- A way forward to green nanotechnology and nano-medicines.

The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms in poultry has led to a rise in bacterial infections, causing significant economic loss. Green nanotechnology, such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), has the potential to address this issue by providing potent antifungal, antiviral, and antibacterial properties. This study explored the combined potential of AgNPs and the local herb Swertia chirayita against established poultry pathogens, employing a non-factorial Central Composite Design (CCD) to evaluate the factors affecting the production of nanoparticles induced by silver nitrate from the selected herb. The optimal values for temperature, wavelength, silver nitrate concentration, incubation duration, and pH were found to produce the highest nanoparticles. The functional groups in Swertia chirayita stimulated nanoparticles were confirmed using FTIR spectroscopy, and the stability of ScNPs was elucidated using zeta potential. The crystalline structure of ScNPs was confirmed using diffraction intensity patterns. Silver nanoparticles demonstrated antibacterial activity against Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli (E.coli), both known as significant poultry pathogens, using the agar well diffusion method, with inhibition zones of 25.0 mm and 35.0 mm, respectively.This study explored the green manufacturing of silver nanoparticles by using plants and microorganisms, focusing on their antibacterial properties. The exact mechanism of synthesis and action in AgNPs is still poorly understood. Researchers should prioritize the use of accessible, easy-to-extract plants or bacteria, especially non-pathogenic and fast-growing microorganisms for safe handling. Analyzing biomolecules in plant extract, microbial biomass, or culture supernatants, including probiotic bacteria, is crucial for creating and stabilizing AgNPs, which could be effective synthetic agents. It is crucial to optimize conditions for rapid, stable, and large-scale synthesis. Based on this research, Sc-NPs may be proposed as nanomedicine for treating infections in poultry caused by E. coli and Salmonella spp.

Ahmad QU ，Saleem N ，Afzal N ，Perveen I ，Nazir S ，Sabahat S ，Saleem Y ，Abbas N ，Mazhar S ，Nawaz S ，Syed Q ，Abidi SHI ，Zahid B ，Sajjad N ，Chaudhary A ... -  《-》

Formulation and evaluation of Phaseolus lunatus seed coat mediated silver nanoparticles mouthwash: A comprehensive study on biomedical properties and toxicological assessment.

Silver nanoparticles have promising therapeutic potential in the field of dentistry, as newly emerging oral therapeutics, in the form of mouthwashes based on silver nanoparticles, demonstrate significant potential for enhancing oral management thus the present investigation aims to formulate silver nanoparticles-based mouthwash from an aqueous extract of Phaseolus lunatus seed coat (PLSC) and evaluate its biomedical properties. The green synthesized AgNPs in the mouthwash were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The formulated mouthwash was assessed for its anti-microbial activity using the agar well diffusion technique and time-kill curve assay. Its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities are assessed through egg albumin assay and hydrogen peroxide assays. The Cytotoxic effect of formulated mouthwash was assessed through a brine shrimp lethality assay and MTT assay over the human osteoblast cell line (MG-63). Furthermore, the study also assessed the toxicity effect of formulated mouthwash through zebrafish embryos. The results suggest that the green synthesized AgNPs were spherical and had an average size of 42 nm and the formulated mouthwash exhibited significant anti-microbial activity, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, making them a better candidate for oral health therapeutics. The Zebrafish embryo toxicology studies of mouthwash revealed a consistent lack of abnormalities and a good viability and hatchability rate and the cytotoxic effect shows less toxicity over brine shrimp and human osteoblast cells. In conclusion, PLSC-AgNPs mouthwash is a potential oral therapeutic option with minimal toxicity for better oral management.

Deena Dayal S ，Pushpa Rani V ，Antony Prabhu D ，Rajeshkumar S ，David D ，Francis J ... -  《-》

Bioinspired multifunctional silver nanoparticles by Smilax Chenensis and their enhanced biomedical and catalytic applications.

Currently, Nano-materials have been explored for their abundant biomedical applications. In the present study the green synthesized (SC-AgNPs) by root extract of Smilax Chenensis have been characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy revealed SPR peak at 432 nm and FT-IR data reveals that the bioactive components of root extract have been actively involved in the reduction and stabilization of SC-AgNPs. TEM and AFM results revealed that SC-AgNPs were roughly spherical in shape. Further, the particle size of SC-AgNPs was also carried out by Dynamic Light Scattering method by aqueous colloidal solution and the results reveals that the SC-AgNPs are poly-dispersed in nature with an average size 45.6 nm with a Z average of 39.5 nm. The stability of colloidal SC-AgNPs was further confirmed by negative zeta potential value of - 21.0 mV. The SC-AgNPs showed good antibacterial activity against both gram -ve and gram + ve bacteria, whereas, SC-AgNPs coupled with antibiotic reveals excellent and enhanced antibacterial activity. The gram -ve E.coli and gram + ve S.aureus revealed highest zone of inhibition when compared to other two bacterial species. So, SC-AgNPs coupled with antibiotics can be excellent alternative to treat antibiotic resistant bacteria. The SC-AgNPs also reveals excellent antioxidant activity among them DPPH method revealed superior activity with an IC50 value76.22. The SC-AgNPs also reveals superior anticancer activity against MDA-MB-231 with IC50 value of 33.98 µg/mL and photo-catalytic activity the optical density of reduced from 1.861 to 0.135 OD within 30 min. The green SC-AgNPs detected to have multiple therapeutic applications.

Gaddam SA ，Kotakadi VS ，Allagadda R ，T V ，Velakanti SG ，Samanchi S ，Thangellamudi D ，Masarapu H ，Maheswari P U ，Ch AR ，Zereffa EA ... -  《Scientific Reports》