Formulation and evaluation of Phaseolus lunatus seed coat mediated silver nanoparticles mouthwash: A comprehensive study on biomedical properties and toxicological assessment.

Silver nanoparticles have promising therapeutic potential in the field of dentistry, as newly emerging oral therapeutics, in the form of mouthwashes based on silver nanoparticles, demonstrate significant potential for enhancing oral management thus the present investigation aims to formulate silver nanoparticles-based mouthwash from an aqueous extract of Phaseolus lunatus seed coat (PLSC) and evaluate its biomedical properties. The green synthesized AgNPs in the mouthwash were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The formulated mouthwash was assessed for its anti-microbial activity using the agar well diffusion technique and time-kill curve assay. Its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities are assessed through egg albumin assay and hydrogen peroxide assays. The Cytotoxic effect of formulated mouthwash was assessed through a brine shrimp lethality assay and MTT assay over the human osteoblast cell line (MG-63). Furthermore, the study also assessed the toxicity effect of formulated mouthwash through zebrafish embryos. The results suggest that the green synthesized AgNPs were spherical and had an average size of 42 nm and the formulated mouthwash exhibited significant anti-microbial activity, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, making them a better candidate for oral health therapeutics. The Zebrafish embryo toxicology studies of mouthwash revealed a consistent lack of abnormalities and a good viability and hatchability rate and the cytotoxic effect shows less toxicity over brine shrimp and human osteoblast cells. In conclusion, PLSC-AgNPs mouthwash is a potential oral therapeutic option with minimal toxicity for better oral management.

Deena Dayal S ，Pushpa Rani V ，Antony Prabhu D ，Rajeshkumar S ，David D ，Francis J ... -  《-》

Green synthesis of Brassica carinata microgreen silver nanoparticles, characterization, safety assessment, and antimicrobial activities.

Nanotechnology has been a central focus of scientific investigation over the past decades owing to its versatile applications. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through plant secondary metabolites is a cost-effective and eco-friendly approach. The present study employed Brassica carinata microgreen extracts (BCME) to promote the reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) salt into Brassica carinata microgreen silver nanoparticles (BCM-AgNPs). The physicochemical properties of the biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized through both spectroscopy and microscopy techniques. Furthermore, the antimicrobial property of the biosynthesized AgNPs was assessed against six selected pathogenic microorganisms, and finally, their safety was evaluated on a normal Vero cell line through an MTT cytotoxicity assay. The UV-visible spectrum revealed that BCM-AgNPs exhibited an absorption peak at 420 nm. The potential functional groups involved in the biosynthesis of AgNPs were identified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a spherical nature of the biosynthesized AgNPs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed the crystallinity of the AgNPs, averaging 34.68 nm in size. X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigation further confirmed the crystalline structure of the AgNPs. The zeta potential exhibited a significant value of - 22.5 ± 1.16 mV. Regarding the antimicrobial potential, BCM-AgNPs exhibited promising antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 62.5 µg/mL observed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Further cytotoxicity assessment of BCM-AgNPs conducted on Vero cells demonstrated their safety. This study presents a novel approach to synthesizing AgNPs using a nutraceutical microgreen, offering a biocompatible and promising alternative for combating multi-drug resistance.

Somda D ，Bargul JL ，Wesonga JM ，Wachira SW ... -  《Scientific Reports》

Potential biological application of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Citrus paradisi leaves.

Developing sustainable and eco-friendly methods for nanoparticle (NP) production in an era of environmental consciousness is crucial. This study introduces a novel approach to synthesizing silver (Ag) NPs using Citrus paradisi leaves extract (CPLE) as a green precursor at optimum conditions of the AgNO3 (2 mM) with CPLE in 1:3 ratio, at pH 14 and 80 °C temperature for reaction time of 4 h. The CP@AgNPs were formed and stabilized by Naringen, a major Citrus paradisi component. CP@AgNPs were thoroughly characterized through ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) imaging techniques. CP@AgNPs demonstrated SPR peak at 450 nm, face cubic crystal structure, the average size of 8 nm, rod-shaped particle adsorbed on quasi-spherical shaped agglomerated NPs, significantly impacting both environmental and biomedical fields. In the catalytic degradation experiment, an application for environment pollutant reducer, CP@AgNPs, achieved an impressive 85% degradation efficiency of the methyl orange (MO) dye, showcasing their potential as a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment. Additionally, CP@AgNPs exhibited potent anti-biofilm properties, with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 0.13 and 0.12 mg/ml against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), respectively, indicating their promise in addressing biofilm-related issues in healthcare and industrial settings. CP@AgNPs also displayed exceptional antioxidant potential with IC50 values of 2.02, 0.07, and 0.035 mg/ml for CPLE, CP@AgNPs, and ascorbic acid, respectively, in scavenging DPPH radical, suggesting their utility in biomedical applications for mitigating oxidative stress. Notably, the bio-activity results of CP@AgNPs surpassed those of CP leaf extract, highlighting the enhanced properties achieved through this green synthesis approach. This study provides a sustainable and environmental remediation to biomedical science.

Akhter N ，Batool M ，Yaqoob A ，Shahid M ，Muhammad F ，Khan J ，Mudassir MA ，Rasheed M ，Javed S ，Al Farraj DA ，Alzaidi I ，Iqbal R ，Malaga-Toboła U ，Gancarz M ... -  《Scientific Reports》

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Cassia Auriculata: Targeting antibacterial, antioxidant activity, and evaluation of their possible effects on saltwater microcrustacean, Artemia Nauplii (non-target organism).

Due to their huge surface area to volume ratio, metallic nanoparticles are becoming increasingly important in numerous spheres of life. Here, initially, we aimed to evaluate the potential use of Cassia auriculata (CA) extract to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Then, we evaluated its antimicrobial potential and antioxidant capacity, as well as performed in silico analysis, and investigated the possible non-toxic effect of AgNPs on Artemia nauplii. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies were used to characterize the biosynthesized AgNPs. Our data indicate that Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were susceptible to the biosynthesized AgNPs, whose effect was concentration-response. With a ZOI of 10 mm, the AgNPs were most efficient against gram-positive B. cereus bacteria at the highest concentration (75 μg/mL). The biosynthesized AgNPs (at 25 to 125 μg/mL) showed good antioxidant activity in the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays. Oleanolic acid from CA exhibited strong binding affinity and high binding energy to E. coli and B. cereus (-9.66 and - 9.74 kcal/mol) on in silico research. According to the comparative non-toxicity analysis, AgNPs, AgNO3, and CA bark extract had the least toxic effects on A. nauplii, with respective mortality rates of 28.14, 32.26, and 38.42 %, respectively. In conclusion, the current work showed that AgNPs produced from CA bark could be a promising material for diverse applications.

Kamaraj C ，Ragavendran C ，Manimaran K ，Sarvesh S ，Islam ARMT ，Malafaia G ... -  《-》

Ceftazidime with avibactam for treating severe aerobic Gram-negative bacterial infections: technology evaluation to inform a novel subscription-style payment model.

Harnan S ，Kearns B ，Scope A ，Schmitt L ，Jankovic D ，Hamilton J ，Srivastava T ，Hill H ，Ku CC ，Ren S ，Rothery C ，Bojke L ，Sculpher M ，Woods B ... -  《-》