Biosynthesis of CuO nanoparticle using leaf extracts of Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst. ex Benth and Withana somnifera (L) Dunal for antibacterial activity.

Nanotechnology is becoming a promise for scientific advancement nowadays in areas like medicine, consumer products, energy, materials, and manufacturing. Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were synthesized using Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst. ex Benth and Withana somnifera (L) Dunal leaf extract via green synthetic pathway. The leaf of O. lamiifolium and W. somnifera were known to have strong antibiotic and antioxidant properties arising due to the presence of various secondary metabolites, including, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, and phenolic compounds which serve as reducing, stabilizing, and capping agents for the CuO-Nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized. The biosynthesized CuO NPs were characterized based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. O. lamiifolium and W. somnifera leaf extract mediated synthesis could produce CuO NPs with average crystallite size of 15 nm and 19 nm, respectively. The biosynthesized CuO-NPs were further examined for antibacterial activity with Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and P. aeruginosa). The GZDK-CuO NPs synthesized using W. somnifera leaf extract inhibited the growth of E. coli. and P. aeruginosa largely in comparison to S. aureus. Whereas the DMAZ-CuO NPs synthesized with the help of O. lamiifolium leaf extract showed higher bacterial inhibition on E. coli compared to S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of both types of NPs are also assessed on all three pathogens. The newly biosynthesized nanoparticles, thus, were found to be optional materials for inhibiting the growth of drug- resistant bacterial pathogens.

Mengesha SM ，Abebe GM ，Habtemariam TH 《Scientific Reports》

An Eco-Friendly Synthesis Approach for Enhanced Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Properties of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Coelastrella terrestris Algal Extract.

In the current scenario, the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) using environmentally benign methods has gained significant attention due to their facile processes, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendly nature. In the present study, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were synthesized using aqueous extract of Coelastrella terrestris algae as a reducing, stabilizing, and capping agent. The synthesized CuO NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). XRD investigation revealed that the biosynthesized CuO NPs were nanocrystalline with high-phase purity and size in the range of 4.26 nm to 28.51 nm. FTIR spectra confirmed the existence of secondary metabolites on the surface of the synthesized CuO NPs, with characteristic Cu-O vibrations being identified around 600 cm-1, 496 cm-1, and 440 cm-1. The FE-SEM images predicted that the enhancement of the algal extract amount converted the flattened rice-like structures of CuO NPs into flower petal-like structures. Furthermore, the degradation ability of biosynthesized CuO NPs was investigated against Amido black 10B (AB10B) dye. The results displayed that the optimal degradation efficacy of AB10B dye was 94.19%, obtained at 6 pH, 50 ppm concentration of dye, and 0.05 g dosage of CuO NPs in 90 min with a pseudo-first-order rate constant of 0.0296 min-1. The CuO-1 NPs synthesized through algae exhibited notable antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus with a zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 22 mm and against P. aeruginosa with a ZOI of 17 mm. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that utilizing Coelastrella terrestris algae for the synthesis of CuO NPs presents a promising solution for addressing environmental contamination.

Khandelwal M ，Choudhary S ，Harish ，Kumawat A ，Misra KP ，Vyas Y ，Singh B ，Rathore DS ，Soni K ，Bagaria A ，Khangarot RK ... -  《International Journal of Nanomedicine》

Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Abutilon indicum leaves extract and their evaluation of antibacterial, anticancer in human A549 lung and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.

In currently, biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are most widely used numerous in biological applications such as biosensor, energy, medicine, agriculture, environmental and industrial wastewater treatment. The hierarchical CuO NPs was synthesized via green chemistry method by using of Abutilon indicum (A. indicum) leaf extract, its nontoxic, facile and low-cost approaches. Biogenic synthesized CuO NPs was characterized by using a UV-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field mission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. The synthesized CuO NPs was performed antibacterial activity against human pathogenic organisms of both Gram negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi) and Gram positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria by using agar well diffusion method. Biological synthesized CuO NPs was showed potential bactericidal activity against Gram positive bacteria of B. subtilis than compared to Gram negative bacteria of E. coli. The cytotoxic effect of A. indicum mediated synthesized CuO NPs was evaluated against to human lung A549 and breast MDA-MB-231cancer cell lines by determined using of MTT assay. In furthermore, photocatalytic dye degradation was performed that synthesized CuO NPs have effectively removed 78% of malachite green dye molecule. Our investigation results suggested that the green synthesized CuO NPs potential biological activity of antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacterial, anticancer activity was effectively against MDA-MB-231cancer cell line and good dye degradation was exhibited in malachite green. The A. indicum aqueous leaf extract mediated synthesized CuO NPs has strongly suggested promising nano-biomaterials for fabrication of biomedical applications.

Sathiyavimal S ，F Durán-Lara E ，Vasantharaj S ，Saravanan M ，Sabour A ，Alshiekheid M ，Lan Chi NT ，Brindhadevi K ，Pugazhendhi A ... -  《-》

Green nanotechnology advances: green manufacturing of zinc nanoparticles, characterization, and foliar application on wheat and antibacterial characteristics using Mentha spicata (mint) and Ocimum basilicum (basil) leaf extracts.

Due to their distinctive characteristics and widespread application across all scientific disciplines, nanoparticles have attracted a lot of attention in the current millennium. Green synthesis of ZnO-NPs is gaining a lot of interest at the moment due to a number of its advantages over traditional methods, including being quicker, less expensive, and more environmentally friendly. In the current study, two distinct plant extracts are used to quickly, cheaply, and environmentally friendly synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). Mint (Mentha spicata) and basil (Ocimum basilicum) were the plants employed in this study as stabilizing agents to synthesize ZnO-NPs with a green chemistry approach. The innovative aspect of the study is the use of mint and basil extracts in the conversion of zinc chloride to zinc oxide and then determining the effect of these two types of nanoparticles produced by green synthesis on the growth parameters of the plant when they reach the plants by foliar spraying and their uptake by plants and evaluating the antibacterial properties of these nanoparticles. The physical properties of the produced nanoparticles were investigated using XRD, SEM, and FTIR. Moreover, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were used to demonstrate the antibacterial properties of ZnO-NPs against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Synthesized ZnO-NPs were also given as foliar treatment in order to determine Zn+2 uptake by plants and potential toxic effects on the growth of wheat. The shape of ZnO-NPs was triangular, as revealed by SEM analysis. In the X-ray diffraction study, strong and clearly discernible sharp peaks were seen, with an average size of 24.5 nm for M-ZnO-NPs and 26.7 nm for B-ZnO-NPs determined using Scherrer's formula. The phytoconstituents of the plant extract served as capping/stabilizing agents during the synthesis of ZnO-NPs, as demonstrated by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. The produced nanoparticles were applied to the green parts of wheat plants by spraying, and the development of the plants and the change of zinc uptake were investigated. At the same time, the effect of these three types of nanoparticles on the germination of wheat seeds in the soil medium containing these nanoparticles was investigated. According to experimental results, M-ZnO-NPs (produced from mint) and B-ZnO-NPs (produced from basil) improved the germination percentage of wheat at 400 mg/L concentration (100%), while raw ZnO-NPs showed 90% germination at the same concentration. When the Zn+2 uptake of the plant by the leaves depending on the Zn+2 concentration in the environment after spraying was examined, it was determined that the Zn+2 uptake of the plants increased due to the increase in the applied Zn+2 concentration. The highest Zn+2 uptake of the plant was determined as 50, 25, and 50 mg/L for M-ZnO-NP, B-ZnO-NPs, and raw ZnO-NPs, respectively. Therefore, it has been determined that plant growth varies depending on the type and concentration of ZnO-NPs, and therefore, if foliar nanoparticle applications are made to wheat, the threshold concentrations, sizes, and types of ZnO-NPs should be carefully evaluated. In addition, antibacterial properties results showed that S. aureus was more sensitive to all three types of ZnO-NPs than E. coli.

Doğaroğlu ZG ，Uysal Y ，Çaylalı Z ，Karakulak DS ... -  《-》

Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using gum karaya as a biotemplate and their antibacterial application.

Thekkae Padil VV ，Černík M 《International Journal of Nanomedicine》