Lower adiponectin is associated with higher anthropometry and insulin resistance but not with low cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents.

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between adiposity, cardiometabolic risk and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) according to different groups of adiponectin concentration. 255 adolescents of both sexes, aged 11-17 years old, participated. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters such as body mass, height, abdominal circumference (AC), waist circumference (WC), fat mass, fat-free mass, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), triglycerides (TG), glucose, insulin, adiponectin, blood pressure, peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) were measured. Body mass index (BMI), z-score BMI (BMI-z), triponderal mass index (TMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), homeostasis model to assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were calculated. Adiponectin was categorized: low adiponectin concentration (LAC  ≤ 5.18 µg/mL-1), intermediate (IAC = 5.18 and 7.63 µg/mL-1) and high (HAC ≥ 7.63 µg/ml-1). LAC showed higher BMI, BMI-z and TMI than the other groups (p < 0.05) and higher AC, WC and WHtR that the HAC (p < 0.05). IAC showed lower values of TC, LDL-c and TG, and the LAC presented the highest values of insulin, HOMA-IR and QUICKI (p < 0.05) to the IAC and HAC. HAC presented the lower VO2peak than the other groups (p < 0.01). BMI, TMI, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR showed inverse, and QUICKI a direct and weak correlation with adiponectin (p < 0.05). No significant association was found between adiponectin and VO2peak (p > 0.05). The LAC group had higher means in the anthropometric variables and the worst results related to insulin resistance and sensitivity. Thus, adiponectin may play an important role in obesity and reduced concentration may be a factor in the development of obesity-associated morbidities.

Tadiotto MC ，Corazza PRP ，Menezes Junior FJ ，Tozo TAA ，Lopes MFA ，Lopes WA ，Silva LR ，Pizzi J ，Mota J ，Leite N ... -  《-》

Adiponectin concentration and cardiometabolic risk factors: the moderator role of cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents.

The aim of this study was to examine the moderating role of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) between the relationship of cardiometabolic risk factors and adiponectin in adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 255 adolescents of both sexes, aged 11 to 17 years. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters such as body mass, height, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) were measured. Body mass index z-score (BMI-z), tri-ponderal mass index (TMI), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), and age peak height velocity were calculated. The moderation analyses were tested using linear regression models. Interaction was observed with low CRF, indicating that those who achieved more than 2.27 (BMI-z), 2.18 (TMI), 2.10 (FM), 2.57 (insulin), 2.65 (HOMA-IR), and 2.81 (QUICKI) in L·min-1 on the CRF test may experience reduced risks in cardiometabolic risk factors. The deleterious effects attributed to excess adiposity and unfavorable changes related to insulin resistance and sensitivity may be attenuated by CRF. • Adiponectin, a protein derived from adipose tissue, may play a role as a potential marker of protection and predictor of cardiometabolic disorders and its relationship with cardiorespiratory fitness is controversial. • The deleterious effects attributed to overweight and unfavorable changes related to insulin resistance and sensitivity may be attenuated by high cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents.

Tadiotto MC ，Corazza PRP ，Jose de Menezes-Junior F ，Tozo TAA ，de Fátima Aguiar Lopes M ，Pizzi J ，Silva LRD ，Lopes WA ，Leite N ... -  《-》

Effects and individual response of continuous and interval training on adiponectin concentration, cardiometabolic risk factors, and physical fitness in overweight adolescents.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect and individual responsiveness after 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity of continuous training (MICT) on adiponectin, cardiometabolic risk factors and physical fitness in overweight adolescents. This study was participated by 52 adolescents, both sexes, 11 and 16 years old, separated into HIIT (n = 13), MICT (n = 15), and control group (CG, n = 24). Body mass, height, waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), triglycerides, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were evaluated. Body mass index z-score (BMI-z), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), insulin resistance, and insulin sensitivity were calculated. Resting heart rate (HRrest), peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), right handgrip strength (HGS-right), left handgrip strength (HGS-left), and abdominal resistance (ABD) was evaluated. HIIT session lasted around 35 min and MICT of 60 min of exercises on stationary bicycle, three times a weekday for 12 weeks. ANOVA, effect size, and prevalence of responders were used for statistical analysis. HIIT reduced BMI-z, WHtR, LDL-c, and CRP, while increased of physical fitness. MICT reduced HDL-c, while increased of physical fitness. CG reduced FM, HDL-c, and CRP, while increased FFM and HRrest. Frequencies of respondents in HIIT were observed for CRP, VO2peak, HGS-right, and HGS-left. Frequencies of respondents in MICT were observed for CRP and HGS-right. Frequencies of no-respondents in CG were observed for WC, WHtR, CRP, HRrest, and ABD.  Conclusion: Interventions with exercises were effective to adiposity, metabolic health, and physical fitness improvements. Individual responses were observed in inflammatory process and physical fitness, important changes in overweight adolescent's therapy.  Trial registration number and date of registration: This study was registered with the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (REBEC), the number RBR-6343y7, date of registration May 3, 2017. What is Known: • Effect of regular physical exercise positively affects overweight, comorbidities, and metabolic diseases, recommended mainly for children and adolescents. What is New: • Due to the great inter-individual variability, the same stimulus can provide different responses; adolescents who benefit from the stimulus are considered responsive. • Intervention of HIIT and MICT did not alter the concentrations of adiponectin; however, the adolescents presented responsiveness to the inflammatory process and physical fitness.

Tadiotto MC ，Corazza PRP ，Menezes-Junior FJ ，Moraes-Junior FB ，Tozo TAA ，Purim KSM ，Mota J ，Leite N ... -  《-》

Moderating role of 1-minute abdominal test in the relationship between cardiometabolic risk factors and adiponectin concentration in adolescents.

Tadiotto MC ，Corazza PRP ，de Menezes-Junior FJ ，Tozo TAA ，de Moraes-Junior FB ，Brand C ，Purim KSM ，Mota J ，Leite N ... -  《BMC Pediatrics》

Neck circumference: a useful screening tool of cardiovascular risk in children.

Early identification of cardiovascular risk factors consists an essential target for public health. The current study aims to examine the association between neck circumference and several cardiovascular risk factors and to compare it with well-established anthropometric indices. Demographic, anthropometric (body weight and height, waist, hip and neck circumference [WC, HC and NC, respectively]), biochemical (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol, triglycerides [TG], fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin), clinical (pubertal stage, systolic and diastolic blood pressure [SBP and DBP, respectively]) and lifestyle (dietary intake, physical activity level) data were collected from 324 children (51.5% boys; 48.5% girls) aged 9-13 in Greece. Body mass index z-score (BMI z-score), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and fasting glucose to insulin ratio (FGIR) were calculated. All indices (BMI z-score, NC, WC, HC, WHR and WHtR) were correlated with SBP, HDL and insulin-related indices (insulin, HOMA-IR, QUICKI and FGIR) and all indices except WHR with TG. LDL was correlated with BMI z-score, WC, WHR and WHtR, whereas DBP was correlated with BMI z-score, WC, HC and WHtR. In multivariate analysis, HDL, TG, SBP, insulin, HOMA-IR, QUICKI and FGIR were associated with all anthropometric indices; DBP with WC, HC, NC and WHtR; LDL with BMI z-score, WC, HC and WHtR. NC is associated with most cardiovascular disease risk factors. These associations are comparable with those observed for BMI z-score, WC, HC, WHR and WHtR. NC could be a simple, alternative screening tool of cardiovascular risk in children.

Androutsos O ，Grammatikaki E ，Moschonis G ，Roma-Giannikou E ，Chrousos GP ，Manios Y ，Kanaka-Gantenbein C ... -  《Pediatric Obesity》