Effects and individual response of continuous and interval training on adiponectin concentration, cardiometabolic risk factors, and physical fitness in overweight adolescents.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect and individual responsiveness after 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity of continuous training (MICT) on adiponectin, cardiometabolic risk factors and physical fitness in overweight adolescents. This study was participated by 52 adolescents, both sexes, 11 and 16 years old, separated into HIIT (n = 13), MICT (n = 15), and control group (CG, n = 24). Body mass, height, waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), triglycerides, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were evaluated. Body mass index z-score (BMI-z), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), insulin resistance, and insulin sensitivity were calculated. Resting heart rate (HRrest), peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), right handgrip strength (HGS-right), left handgrip strength (HGS-left), and abdominal resistance (ABD) was evaluated. HIIT session lasted around 35 min and MICT of 60 min of exercises on stationary bicycle, three times a weekday for 12 weeks. ANOVA, effect size, and prevalence of responders were used for statistical analysis. HIIT reduced BMI-z, WHtR, LDL-c, and CRP, while increased of physical fitness. MICT reduced HDL-c, while increased of physical fitness. CG reduced FM, HDL-c, and CRP, while increased FFM and HRrest. Frequencies of respondents in HIIT were observed for CRP, VO2peak, HGS-right, and HGS-left. Frequencies of respondents in MICT were observed for CRP and HGS-right. Frequencies of no-respondents in CG were observed for WC, WHtR, CRP, HRrest, and ABD.  Conclusion: Interventions with exercises were effective to adiposity, metabolic health, and physical fitness improvements. Individual responses were observed in inflammatory process and physical fitness, important changes in overweight adolescent's therapy.  Trial registration number and date of registration: This study was registered with the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (REBEC), the number RBR-6343y7, date of registration May 3, 2017. What is Known: • Effect of regular physical exercise positively affects overweight, comorbidities, and metabolic diseases, recommended mainly for children and adolescents. What is New: • Due to the great inter-individual variability, the same stimulus can provide different responses; adolescents who benefit from the stimulus are considered responsive. • Intervention of HIIT and MICT did not alter the concentrations of adiponectin; however, the adolescents presented responsiveness to the inflammatory process and physical fitness.

Tadiotto MC ，Corazza PRP ，Menezes-Junior FJ ，Moraes-Junior FB ，Tozo TAA ，Purim KSM ，Mota J ，Leite N ... -  《-》

Lower adiponectin is associated with higher anthropometry and insulin resistance but not with low cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents.

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between adiposity, cardiometabolic risk and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) according to different groups of adiponectin concentration. 255 adolescents of both sexes, aged 11-17 years old, participated. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters such as body mass, height, abdominal circumference (AC), waist circumference (WC), fat mass, fat-free mass, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), triglycerides (TG), glucose, insulin, adiponectin, blood pressure, peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) were measured. Body mass index (BMI), z-score BMI (BMI-z), triponderal mass index (TMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), homeostasis model to assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were calculated. Adiponectin was categorized: low adiponectin concentration (LAC  ≤ 5.18 µg/mL-1), intermediate (IAC = 5.18 and 7.63 µg/mL-1) and high (HAC ≥ 7.63 µg/ml-1). LAC showed higher BMI, BMI-z and TMI than the other groups (p < 0.05) and higher AC, WC and WHtR that the HAC (p < 0.05). IAC showed lower values of TC, LDL-c and TG, and the LAC presented the highest values of insulin, HOMA-IR and QUICKI (p < 0.05) to the IAC and HAC. HAC presented the lower VO2peak than the other groups (p < 0.01). BMI, TMI, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR showed inverse, and QUICKI a direct and weak correlation with adiponectin (p < 0.05). No significant association was found between adiponectin and VO2peak (p > 0.05). The LAC group had higher means in the anthropometric variables and the worst results related to insulin resistance and sensitivity. Thus, adiponectin may play an important role in obesity and reduced concentration may be a factor in the development of obesity-associated morbidities.

Tadiotto MC ，Corazza PRP ，Menezes Junior FJ ，Tozo TAA ，Lopes MFA ，Lopes WA ，Silva LR ，Pizzi J ，Mota J ，Leite N ... -  《-》

The Effect of 12 Weeks of Different Exercise Training Modalities or Nutritional Guidance on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Vascular Parameters, and Physical Fitness in Overweight Adults: Cardiometabolic High-Intensity Interval Training-Resistance Training

Ramírez-Vélez R ，Castro-Astudillo K ，Correa-Bautista JE ，González-Ruíz K ，Izquierdo M ，García-Hermoso A ，Álvarez C ，Ramírez-Campillo R ，Correa-Rodríguez M ... -  《-》

Effects of school-based high-intensity interval training on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic markers in adolescent boys with obesity: a randomized controlled trial.

With accumulating evidence suggesting that CVD has its origins in childhood obesity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a real-world school-based high-intensity interval training intervention on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic markers in obese boys aged 10 to 13 years. Forty-five adolescent boys with obesity (age = 11.2 ± 0.7 years, BMI = 24.2 ± 1.0 kg/m2), were randomized to high-intensity interval training group (HIIT, n = 15), moderate-intensity continuous training group (MICT, n = 15), or a control group (CON, n = 15). The intervention groups performed three weekly exercise sessions over 12 weeks. HIIT group performed two sets of eight bouts of 15 s run at high-intensity [90 ~ 100% maximal aerobic speed (MAS)] separated by eight bouts of 15 s recovery run at low-intensity (50% MAS), MICT group performed 30 min run at moderate intensity (60 ~ 70% MAS) and CON group were instructed to continue their normal behaviors. All participants had indices of body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiometabolic markers measured at baseline and post-intervention. Statistical differences between and within groups were determined by use of two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures. Following the school-based training program, BMI and body fat mass decreased (BMI: - 1.8 kg/m2 vs. - 1.2 kg/m2, P < 0.01; FM: - 1.6 kg, P < 0.05 vs. -3.7 kg, P < 0.01) in HIIT and MICT group, but there was no significant difference between the two interventions; [Formula: see text] both increased significantly in two intervention groups, and the increment of HIIT group was significantly greater than that of MICT (6.1 mL/kg/min vs. 3.8 mL/kg/min, P < 0.01), Visceral adipose tissue was significant decrease in HIIT group (- 53 g vs. -17 g, P < 0.01) whilst the MICT group experienced a significant decrease in body fat percentage (- 3.1 ± 1.0 kg, P < 0.01), but there were no significant difference between the two interventions. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased only in HIIT group (- 17.2%, P < 0.05). Significant decrease in the usual index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) occurred in HIIT and MICT groups (- 27.3 and - 28.6%, respectively; P < 0.05). Our results demonstrated that high-intensity interval training based on running can be used to improve the physical health of obese adolescents in school. Further investigations involving a larger cohort of participants, taken from different schools, is recommended. title Effect of High Intensity Interval Training on Obese Children and Adolescents, time 16/12/2017, ID ChiCTR-IOR-17013992 , website http://www.chictr.org.cn.

Meng C ，Yucheng T ，Shu L ，Yu Z ... -  《BMC Pediatrics》

High-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous training elicit similar enjoyment and adherence levels in overweight and obese adults.

Vella CA ，Taylor K ，Drummer D 《-》