He-Ne laser irradiation ameliorates cadmium toxicity in wheat by modulating cadmium accumulation, nutrient uptake and antioxidant defense system.
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most hazardous heavy metals that negatively affect the growth and yield of wheat. He-Ne laser irradiation is known to ameliorate cadmium (Cd) stress in wheat. However, the underlying mechanism of He-Ne laser irradiation on protecting wheat against Cd stress is not well recognized. In present study, Cd-treated wheat showed significant reduction in growth, root morphology and total chlorophyll content, but notably increase of Cd accumulation in both roots and shoots. However, He-Ne laser irradiation dramatically reduced concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and increased total chlorophyll content and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in roots of wheat plants under Cd stress. Further, He-Ne laser irradiation significantly upregulated the transcripts of TaGR (glutathione reductase) and TaGST (glutathione-S-transferase) genes along with the increased activities of GR and GST and glutathione (GSH) concentration in roots of wheat seedlings under Cd stress. In addition, He-Ne laser irradiation enhanced the uptake of mineral elements (N, P, Mg, Fe, Zn and Cu), and significantly decreased Cd uptake and transport mainly through down-regulating the expressions of Cd transport genes (TaHMA2 and TaHMA3) in roots of wheat seedlings under Cd stress. Overall, these findings suggested that He-Ne laser irradiation alleviated the adverse effects of Cd on wheat growth by enhancing antioxidant defense system, improving mineral nutrient status, and decreasing the Cd uptake and transport. This study provides new insights into the roles of He-Ne laser irradiation in the amelioration of Cd stress in wheat and indicates the potential application of this irradiation in crop breeding and growth under Cd stress conditions.
Zhu M
，Duan X
，Zeng Q
，Liu Y
，Qiu Z
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Insights into citric acid-induced cadmium tolerance and phytoremediation in Brassica juncea L.: Coordinated functions of metal chelation, antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems.
Cadmium (Cd) is a serious environmental threat because it accumulates in plants from soil and is subsequently transported into the food cycle. Increased Cd uptake in plants disrupts plant metabolism and hampers crop growth and development. Therefore, remediation of Cd from soil and enhancing plant tolerance to metal toxicity is vital. In the present study, we investigated the function of different doses of citric acid (CA) on Cd toxicity in terms of metal accumulation and stress tolerance in mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Brassica juncea seedlings (12-day-old) were treated with Cd (0.5mMCd and 1.0mM CdCl2) alone and in combination with CA (0.5mM and 1.0mM) in a semi-hydroponic medium for three days. Cadmium accumulation in the roots and shoots of the mustard seedlings increased in a dose-dependent manner and was higher in the roots. Increasing the Cd concentration led to reduced growth, biomass, water status, and chlorophyll (chl) content resulting from increased oxidative damage (elevated malondialdehyde, MDA content; hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 level; superoxide, O2•- generation; lipoxygenase, LOX activity; and methylglyoxal, MG content) and downregulating of the major enzymes of the antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems. Under Cd stress, both doses of CA improved the growth of the plants by enhancing leaf relative water content (RWC) and chl content; reducing oxidative damage; enhancing the pool of ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, APX; monodehydroascorbate reductase, MDHAR; dehydroascorbate reductase, DHAR; glutathione reductase, GR; glutathione peroxidase, GPX; superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT); improving the performance of the glyoxalase system (glyoxalase I, Gly I and glyoxalase II, Gly II activity); and increasing the phytochelatin (PC) content. Exogenous CA also increased the root and shoot Cd content and Cd translocation from the roots to the shoots in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that CA plays a dual role in mustard seedlings by increasing phytoremediation and enhancing stress tolerance through upregulating the antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems.
Mahmud JA
，Hasanuzzaman M
，Nahar K
，Bhuyan MHMB
，Fujita M
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He-Ne laser pretreatment protects wheat seedlings against cadmium-induced oxidative stress.
The aim of the investigation is to determine the effect of He-Ne laser pretreatment of wheat seeds on the resistance of seedlings to cadmium stress. Changes in physiological, biochemical and molecular characters were measured. Our results showed that 150 μM Cd treatment significantly reduced plant height, root length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, ascorbate acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) concentration, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and gene expression levels of SOD, APX, enhanced the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and the rate of superoxide radical (O(2)(•-)) generation in the wheat seedlings when compared with the control. However, seeds with He-Ne laser pretreatment 5 min conferred tolerance to cadmium stress in wheat seedlings by decreasing the concentration of MDA and H(2)O(2), the rate of O(2)(•-) generation and increasing the gene expression levels of SOD, POD, APX, the activities of SOD, POD, CAT, APX and AsA and GSH concentration. These results suggest that those changes in MDA, O(2)(•-), H(2)O(2), anti-oxidative enzymes, gene expression level and anti-oxidative compounds are responsible for the increase in cadmium stress resistance observed in the experiments. The results also showed that the laser had a positive physiological effect on the growth of cadmium stressed seedlings. This is the first investigation reporting the use of He-Ne laser pretreatment to enhance of wheat seedlings tolerance to cadmium stress.
Qiu Z
，Li J
，Zhang M
，Bi Z
，Li Z
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Melatonin enhanced the heavy metal-stress tolerance of pepper by mitigating the oxidative damage and reducing the heavy metal accumulation.
Heavy metals (HMs), like vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni) toxicity due to anthropogenic, impair plant growth and yield, which is a challenging issue for agricultural production. Melatonin (ME) is a stress mitigating molecule, which alleviates HM-induced phytotoxicity, but the possible underlying mechanism of ME functions under HMs' phytotoxicity is still unclear. Current study uncovered key mechanisms for ME-mediated HMs-stress tolerance in pepper. HMs toxicity greatly reduced growth by impeding leaf photosynthesis, root architecture system, and nutrient uptake. Conversely, ME supplementation markedly enhanced growth attributes, mineral nutrient uptake, photosynthetic efficiency, as measured by chlorophyll content, gas exchange elements, chlorophyll photosynthesis genes' upregulation, and reduced HMs accumulation. ME treatment showed a significant decline in the leaf/root V, Cr, Ni, and Cd concentration which was about 38.1/33.2%, 38.5/25.9%, 34.8/24.9%, and 26.6/25.1%, respectively, when compared with respective HM treatment. Furthermore, ME remarkably reduced the ROS (reactive oxygen species) accumulation, and reinstated the integrity of cellular membrane via activating antioxidant enzymes (SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase; APX, ascorbate peroxidase; GR, glutathione reductase; POD, peroxidase; GST, glutathione S-transferase; DHAR, dehydroascorbate reductase; MDHAR, monodehydroascorbate reductase) and as well as regulating ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle. Importantly, oxidative damage showed efficient alleviations through upregulating the genes related to key defense such as SOD, CAT, POD, GR, GST, APX, GPX, DHAR, and MDHAR; along with the genes related to ME biosynthesis. ME supplementation also enhanced the level of proline and secondary metabolites, and their encoding genes expression, which may control excessive H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) production. Finally, ME supplementation enhanced the HM stress tolerance of pepper seedlings.
Altaf MA
，Hao Y
，Shu H
，Mumtaz MA
，Cheng S
，Alyemeni MN
，Ahmad P
，Wang Z
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ResearchGate
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钛学术
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