Extracellular vesicles: mediators of intercellular communication in tissue injury and disease.

Intercellular communication is a critical process that ensures cooperation between distinct cell types and maintains homeostasis. EVs, which were initially described as cellular debris and devoid of biological function, are now recognized as key components in cell-cell communication. EVs are known to carry multiple factors derived from their cell of origin, including cytokines and chemokines, active enzymes, metabolites, nucleic acids, and surface molecules, that can alter the behavior of recipient cells. Since the cargo of EVs reflects their parental cells, EVs from damaged and dysfunctional tissue environments offer an abundance of information toward elucidating the molecular mechanisms of various diseases and pathological conditions. In this review, we discuss the most recent findings regarding the role of EVs in the progression of cancer, metabolic disorders, and inflammatory lung diseases given the high prevalence of these conditions worldwide and the important role that intercellular communication between immune, parenchymal, and stromal cells plays in the development of these pathological states. We also consider the clinical applications of EVs, including the possibilities for their use as novel therapeutics. While intercellular communication through extracellular vesicles (EVs) is key for physiological processes and tissue homeostasis, injury and stress result in altered communication patterns in the tissue microenvironment. When left unchecked, EV-mediated interactions between stromal, immune, and parenchymal cells lead to the development of disease states Video Abstract.

Berumen Sánchez G ，Bunn KE ，Pua HH ，Rafat M ... -  《Cell Communication and Signaling》

Extracellular Vesicles: New Endogenous Shuttles for miRNAs in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy?

Martellucci S ，Orefice NS ，Angelucci A ，Luce A ，Caraglia M ，Zappavigna S ... -  《INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES》

Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicles and Cellular Communication in Metastasis.

Forder A ，Hsing CY ，Trejo Vazquez J ，Garnis C ... -  《Cells》

Extracellular vesicles in cancer - implications for future improvements in cancer care.

Xu R ，Rai A ，Chen M ，Suwakulsiri W ，Greening DW ，Simpson RJ ... -  《-》

Extracellular vesicle-mediated nucleic acid transfer and reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have garnered much attention as key mediators of intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment (TME) as well as at distinct metastatic sites. Nucleic acid molecules are the important components of the EV cargo. Characterizing EVs and strategies for modulating the nucleic acid content to promote anti-tumoral functions has led to the emerging role of EVs as potential novel targets for cancer therapy. Recent approaches of engineering the EVs to reach targeted sites have bought this to the forefront for nucleic acid delivery. In this article, we discuss EV biology with recent methods to analyze their nucleic acid contents. We emphasize the role of EV-mediated nucleic acid transfer in the TME assisting in tumor progression and metastasis and further review the strategies for modulating the nucleic acid content in EV for suppressing tumor growth and immune activation. The article further discusses the recent developments in generating EV mimics as nucleic acid delivery systems.

Parayath NN ，Padmakumar S ，Amiji MM 《-》