An online participatory system for SWMM-based flood modeling and simulation.

In the context of the continuous development of urbanization and global climate change, urban flooding risk has become a well-publicized research issue. The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) performs very well in urban rain-runoff simulations and is widely used to build flood models in specific areas. Because of the complicated and tedious processing work for urban flood modeling and simulation, multifield participants' cooperation is becoming a trend. To promote the research and application of flood modeling and simulation, some resource sharing-oriented systems and platforms have been proposed with the advantages of network technology. However, they still require a participatory environment that can help modeling participants overcome the difficulties of distributed cooperation in the process of SWMM-based flood modeling and simulation. Therefore, we designed and implemented an online participatory system to coordinate the effective collaboration of modeling participants in this process. By referring to the scenarios and specific participatory demands in the modeling process, the system provides a guiding framework that consists of multiple participatory activities and prepares a series of online auxiliary tools designed for these activities. Using the main urban area of Lishui City as the study area, it was confirmed that the process of SWMM-based flood modeling and simulation can be demonstrated collaboratively on the online participatory system developed in this study.

Zhang B ，Chen M ，Ma Z ，Zhang Z ，Yue S ，Xiao D ，Zhu Z ，Wen Y ，Lü G ... -  《-》

BK-SWMM flood simulation framework is being proposed for urban storm flood modeling based on uncertainty parameter crowdsourcing data from a single functional region.

In recent years, urban flood disasters caused by sudden heavy rains have become increasingly severe, posing a serious threat to urban public infrastructure and the life and property safety of residents. Rapid simulation and prediction of urban rain-flood events can provide timely decision-making reference for urban flood control and disaster reduction. The complex and arduous calibration process of urban rain-flood models has been identified as a major obstacle affecting the efficiency and accuracy of simulation and prediction. This study proposes a multi-scale urban rain-flood model rapid construction method framework, BK-SWMM, focusing on urban rain-flood model parameters and based on the basic architecture of Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). The framework comprises two main components: 1) constructing a SWMM uncertainty parameter sample crowdsourcing dataset and coupling Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and K-means clustering machine learning algorithm to discover clustering patterns of SWMM model uncertainty parameters in urban functional areas; 2) coupling BIC and K-means with SWMM model to form BK-SWMM flood simulation framework. The applicability of the proposed framework is validated by modeling three different spatial scales in the study regions based on observed rainfall-runoff data. The research findings indicate that the distribution pattern of uncertainty parameters, such as depression storage, surface Manning coefficient, infiltration rate, and attenuation coefficient. The distribution patterns of these seven parameters in urban functional zones indicate that the values are highest in the Industrial and Commercial Areas (ICA), followed by Residential Areas (RA), and lowest in Public Areas (PA). All three spatial scales' REQ, NSEQ, and RD2 indices were superior to the SWMM and less than 10%, greater than 0.80, and greater than 0.85, respectively. However, when the study area's geographical scale expands, the simulation's accuracy will decline. Further research is required on the scale dependency of urban storm flood models.

Liu C ，Li W ，Zhao C ，Xie T ，Jian S ，Wu Q ，Xu Y ，Hu C ... -  《-》

Modeling flood reduction effects of low impact development at a watershed scale.

Low impact development (LID) is a land development approach that seeks to mimic a site's pre-development hydrology. This study is a case study that assessed flood reduction capabilities of large-scale adoption of LID practices in an urban watershed in central Illinois using the Personal Computer Storm Water Management Model (PCSWMM). Two flood metrics based on runoff discharge were developed to determine action flood (43 m(3)/s) and major flood (95 m(3)/s). Four land use scenarios for urban growth were evaluated to determine the impacts of urbanization on runoff and flooding. Flood attenuation effects of porous pavement, rain barrel, and rain garden at various application levels were also evaluated as retrofitting technologies in the study watershed over a period of 30 years. Simulation results indicated that increase in urban land use from 50 to 94% between 1992 and 2030 increased average annual runoff and flood events by more than 30%, suggesting that urbanization without sound management would increase flood risks. The various implementation levels of the three LID practices resulted in 3-47% runoff reduction in the study watershed. Flood flow events that include action floods and major floods were also reduced by 0-40%, indicating that LID practices can be used to mitigate flood risk in urban watersheds. The study provides an insight into flood management with LID practices in existing urban areas.

Ahiablame L ，Shakya R 《-》

Study on the response analysis of LID hydrological process to rainfall pattern based on framework for dynamic simulation of urban floods.

Liu C ，Xie T ，Yu Q ，Niu C ，Sun Y ，Xu Y ，Luo Q ，Hu C ... -  《-》

Exploring the Linkage between Urban Flood Risk and Spatial Patterns in Small Urbanized Catchments of Beijing, China.

Yao L ，Chen L ，Wei W 《-》