Association of dietary and serum selenium concentrations with glucose level and risk of diabetes mellitus: A cross sectional study of national health and nutrition examination survey, 1999-2006.

The associations among dietary selenium intake, serum selenium concentration, plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels, and diabetes risk remain controversial. This study aimed to evaluate these associations in adults from the United States. We conducted a cross-sectional study of participants aged 18 years and older who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Between 1999 and 2006, a total of 41,474 participants were initially included in this study. Multivariable linear or logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between dietary selenium intake and serum selenium concentrations, glucose level, and diabetes risk. The average age of the participants was 30.32 ± 23.95 years, and 48.72 % were men. Their mean dietary selenium intake and mean serum selenium concentration were 98 ± 55 μg per day and 129 ± 22 ng/mL, respectively. Compared with t he lowest quartile of dietary selenium intake, the highest quartile was associated with elevated plasma glucose levels (β = 2.412, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.420, 4.403, P = 0.018), glycosylated hemoglobin levels (β = 0.080, 95 % CI: 0.041, 0.119, P < 0.001), and diabetes risk (odds ratio [OR] = 2.139, 95 % CI: 1.763, 2.596, P < 0.001). Higher serum selenium was also associated with increased plasma glucose levels (β = 12.454, 95 % CI: 4.122, 20.786, P = 0.003) and glycosylated hemoglobin levels (β = 0.326, 95 % CI: 0.187, 0.465, P < 0.001). A generalized additive model with a spline curve suggested a nonlinear relationship between dietary selenium intake, serum selenium and glucose levels, and diabetes risk. Dietary selenium intake and serum selenium were positively associated with elevated levels of plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin, and the relationships were nonlinear. Additional selenium supplementation for patients with diabetes may not be recommended.

Lin J ，Shen T 《-》

Serum selenium concentrations and diabetes in U.S. adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004.

Laclaustra M ，Navas-Acien A ，Stranges S ，Ordovas JM ，Guallar E ... -  《-》

Is selenium intake associated with the presence of depressive symptoms among US adults? Findings from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014.

This study aimed to examine the cross-sectional association between dietary and serum selenium measures and depressive symptoms among a nationally representative sample of US adults. Dietary selenium intake and serum selenium concentration were evaluated on 7725 adult participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014. Participants' selenium intake, assessed by 24-h recall, was classified based on the recommended dietary allowance (dietary selenium intake ≥ 55 μg/d) and estimated average requirement (dietary selenium intake ≥ 45 μg/d) criteria. Serum selenium and depressive symptoms were assessed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and a patient health questionnaire or use of an antidepressant, respectively. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression, accounting for the complex survey design of NHANES, were employed to estimate the cross-sectional association between measures of selenium and the presence of depressive symptoms. The median selenium concentration was 193.9 µg/L (interquartile range = 179.3-209.3). Approximately 8% of the participants met the case definition for depressive symptoms. Based on the recommended dietary allowance of selenium, participants not meeting the recommended dietary intake, compared with those meeting the requirement, had higher odds of depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-2.38). When analyzing by quintile of dietary selenium intakes, compared with the first quintile, participants in higher quintiles had significantly lower odds of depressive symptoms. However, based on quintiles of serum selenium and using the first quintile as referent category, except for quintile 3, results indicated a higher but not significant association (quintile 2 [OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.73-1.61], quintile 4 [OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.89-1.55], and quintile 5 [OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 0.83-1.58]). Power analysis indicated sufficient power. Notably, study participants had a very high serum selenium concentration. The findings, although not significant, between serum selenium concentrations and depressive symptoms had a U-shaped association, supported by the current literature. Our study supports an inverse association between participants recommended dietary intake of selenium and depressive symptoms. Although results were not statistically significant for the association by quartile of serum selenium concentrations and depressive symptoms, a U-shaped association was identified.

Ghimire S ，Baral BK ，Feng D ，Sy FS ，Rodriguez R ... -  《-》

Serum selenium and diabetes in U.S. adults.

Bleys J ，Navas-Acien A ，Guallar E 《-》

The association between dietary selenium intake and diabetes: a cross-sectional study among middle-aged and older adults.

Wei J ，Zeng C ，Gong QY ，Yang HB ，Li XX ，Lei GH ，Yang TB ... -  《Nutrition Journal》