High consumption of ultra-processed foods is associated with lower muscle mass in Brazilian adolescents in the RPS birth cohort.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between percent contribution of ultra-processed foods to total dietary energy intake and measurements of body composition obtained using high-validity methods. This was a cross-sectional study with 1525 adolescents 18 to 19 y of age from the second follow-up of the 1997/98 São Luís birth cohort, Brazil. To evaluate nutritional status and body composition, the body mass index (BMI)-for-age was used, along with waist circumference, total and android body fat percentage, muscle mass, and the lean mass index (LMI). Food consumption was evaluated by a food frequency questionnaire. Food items were grouped according to the level of processing as per the NOVA classification. Through semi-structured questionnaires, sociodemographic and lifestyle data were abstracted. Adjusted linear regression models were used to evaluate the associations between consumption of ultra-processed foods and body composition measurements. Total average energy consumption was 2919.7 kcal, with 58% (1634.9 kcal) derived from natural or minimally processed foods and 37% (1136.5 kcal) from ultra-processed products. In the adjusted analyses, BMI, muscle mass, and LMI were inversely associated with consumption of ultra-processed foods. A 1% increase in the percent contribution of ultra-processed items to total dietary energy intake was associated with a 0.04 kg decrease in muscle mass (β = -0.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.06 to -0.02; P < 0.001) and a 0.01 kg/m2 decrease in lean body mass (β = -0.01; 95% CI, -0.02 to -0.01; P < 0.001). The contribution of ultra-processed foods to total dietary energy intake of Brazilian adolescents was associated with body composition, especially with decreasing lean body mass.

Viola PCAF ，Carvalho CA ，Bragança MLBM ，França AKTDC ，Alves MTSSBE ，da Silva AAM ... -  《-》

Consumption of ultra-processed foods and obesity in Brazilian adolescents and adults.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and obesity indicators among Brazilian adults and adolescents. We used cross-sectional data on 30,243 individuals aged ≥10 years from the 2008-2009 Brazilian Dietary Survey. Food consumption data were collected through 24-h food records. We classified food items according to characteristics of food processing. Ultra-processed foods were defined as formulations made by the food industry mostly from substances extracted from foods or obtained with the further processing of constituents of foods or through chemical synthesis, with little if any whole food. Examples included candies, cookies, sugar-sweetened beverages, and ready-to-eat dishes. Regression models were fitted to evaluate the association of the consumption of ultra-processed foods (% of energy intake) with body-mass-index, excess weight, and obesity status, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics, smoking, and physical activity. Ultra-processed foods represented 30% of the total energy intake. Those in the highest quintile of consumption of ultra-processed foods had significantly higher body-mass-index (0.94 kg/m(2); 95% CI: 0.42,1.47) and higher odds of being obese (OR=1.98; 95% CI: 1.26,3.12) and excess weight (OR=1.26; 95% CI: 0.95,1.69) compared with those in the lowest quintile of consumption. Our findings support the role of ultra-processed foods in the obesity epidemic in Brazil.

Louzada ML ，Baraldi LG ，Steele EM ，Martins AP ，Canella DS ，Moubarac JC ，Levy RB ，Cannon G ，Afshin A ，Imamura F ，Mozaffarian D ，Monteiro CA ... -  《-》

Consumption of ultra-processed food and obesity: cross sectional results from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) cohort (2008-2010).

Silva FM ，Giatti L ，de Figueiredo RC ，Molina MDCB ，de Oliveira Cardoso L ，Duncan BB ，Barreto SM ... -  《-》

Ultra-processed food consumption is associated with increase in fat mass and decrease in lean mass in Brazilian women: A cohort study.

To investigate the association between ultra-processed food consumption at 23-25 years of age and measurements of body composition-fat mass, fat mass distribution and lean mass at 37-39 years of age in Brazilian adults. 1978/1979 birth cohort study conducted with healthy adults from Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 1,021 individuals participated in the fat mass analysis (measured by air displacement plethysmography) and 815 in the lean mass analysis and fat mass distribution (assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry). Food consumption was evaluated by a food frequency questionnaire. Food items were grouped according to the level of processing as per the NOVA classification. Ultra-processed food consumption was expressed as a percentage of total daily intake (g/day). Linear regression models were used to estimate the effect of ultra-processed food consumption (g/day) on body mass index, body fat percentage, fat mass index, android fat, gynoid fat, android-gynoid fat ratio, lean mass percentage, lean mass index and appendicular lean mass index. Marginal plots were produced to visualize interactions. The mean daily ultra-processed food consumption in grams was 35.8% (813.3 g). There was an association between ultra-processed food consumption and increase in body mass index, body fat percentage, fat mass index, android fat and gynoid fat and decrease in lean mass percentage, only in women. A high ultra-processed food consumption is associated with a long-term increase in fat mass and a decrease in lean mass in adult women.

Rudakoff LCS ，Magalhães EIDS ，Viola PCAF ，de Oliveira BR ，da Silva Coelho CCN ，Bragança MLBM ，Arruda SPM ，Cardoso VC ，Bettiol H ，Barbieri MA ，Levy RB ，da Silva AAM ... -  《-》

Frequency of breakfast consumption and its associations with food consumption by degree of industrial processing and with indicators of overweight in Brazilian adolescents (EVA-JF Study).

The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of breakfast consumption and estimate its associations with the consumption of food at different degrees of industrial processing and with overweight indicators in Brazilian adolescents. This cross-sectional study involved a probabilistic sample of 14- to 19-y-old adolescents enrolled in 29 public schools in the municipality of Juiz de Fora, MG, Southeast Brazil (n = 805). The frequency of breakfast consumption was evaluated via a questionnaire (classified into "do not consume", "sometimes consume", and "regularly consume"). The evaluation of food consumption involved two 24-h dietary recalls, the items of which were analyzed according to the NOVA classification system. Overweight indicators (waist circumference, body mass index for age (BMI-for-age), and body fat percentage) were evaluated according to a standard protocol. Linear regression models were performed, first without and then with adjustments for sociodemographic characteristics. We found that 20% of adolescents skipped breakfast, and ∼46% of the caloric intake came from ultra-processed foods. Breakfast omission was associated with a mean increase of 3.02% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52-5.53) in energy intake from ultra-processed foods, in addition to a mean increase of 0.28 z-score (95% CI, 0.05- 0.52) of BMI-for-age and of 1.64% (95% CI, 0.21-3.08) in body fat. We verified that the omission of breakfast was associated with higher consumption of ultra-processed foods, as well as a higher BMI-for-age and higher percentage of body fat, reinforcing the importance of actions to encourage the consumption of this meal and the adoption of healthy eating practices in adolescents.

Cândido ACO ，Neves FS ，Fontes VS ，Melo AST ，de Faria ER ，Netto MP ，Oliveira RMS ，Machado-Coelho GLL ，Cândido APC ... -  《-》