Consumption of ultra-processed foods and obesity in Brazilian adolescents and adults.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and obesity indicators among Brazilian adults and adolescents. We used cross-sectional data on 30,243 individuals aged ≥10 years from the 2008-2009 Brazilian Dietary Survey. Food consumption data were collected through 24-h food records. We classified food items according to characteristics of food processing. Ultra-processed foods were defined as formulations made by the food industry mostly from substances extracted from foods or obtained with the further processing of constituents of foods or through chemical synthesis, with little if any whole food. Examples included candies, cookies, sugar-sweetened beverages, and ready-to-eat dishes. Regression models were fitted to evaluate the association of the consumption of ultra-processed foods (% of energy intake) with body-mass-index, excess weight, and obesity status, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics, smoking, and physical activity. Ultra-processed foods represented 30% of the total energy intake. Those in the highest quintile of consumption of ultra-processed foods had significantly higher body-mass-index (0.94 kg/m(2); 95% CI: 0.42,1.47) and higher odds of being obese (OR=1.98; 95% CI: 1.26,3.12) and excess weight (OR=1.26; 95% CI: 0.95,1.69) compared with those in the lowest quintile of consumption. Our findings support the role of ultra-processed foods in the obesity epidemic in Brazil.

Louzada ML ，Baraldi LG ，Steele EM ，Martins AP ，Canella DS ，Moubarac JC ，Levy RB ，Cannon G ，Afshin A ，Imamura F ，Mozaffarian D ，Monteiro CA ... -  《-》

Ultra-processed food consumption and obesity in the Australian adult population.

Machado PP ，Steele EM ，Levy RB ，da Costa Louzada ML ，Rangan A ，Woods J ，Gill T ，Scrinis G ，Monteiro CA ... -  《Nutrition & Diabetes》

Consumption of ultra-processed foods and obesity in Canada.

Nardocci M ，Leclerc BS ，Louzada ML ，Monteiro CA ，Batal M ，Moubarac JC ... -  《-》

Characterisation of UK diets according to degree of food processing and associations with socio-demographics and obesity: cross-sectional analysis of UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2008-12).

Adams J ，White M 《International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity》

High consumption of ultra-processed foods is associated with lower muscle mass in Brazilian adolescents in the RPS birth cohort.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between percent contribution of ultra-processed foods to total dietary energy intake and measurements of body composition obtained using high-validity methods. This was a cross-sectional study with 1525 adolescents 18 to 19 y of age from the second follow-up of the 1997/98 São Luís birth cohort, Brazil. To evaluate nutritional status and body composition, the body mass index (BMI)-for-age was used, along with waist circumference, total and android body fat percentage, muscle mass, and the lean mass index (LMI). Food consumption was evaluated by a food frequency questionnaire. Food items were grouped according to the level of processing as per the NOVA classification. Through semi-structured questionnaires, sociodemographic and lifestyle data were abstracted. Adjusted linear regression models were used to evaluate the associations between consumption of ultra-processed foods and body composition measurements. Total average energy consumption was 2919.7 kcal, with 58% (1634.9 kcal) derived from natural or minimally processed foods and 37% (1136.5 kcal) from ultra-processed products. In the adjusted analyses, BMI, muscle mass, and LMI were inversely associated with consumption of ultra-processed foods. A 1% increase in the percent contribution of ultra-processed items to total dietary energy intake was associated with a 0.04 kg decrease in muscle mass (β = -0.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.06 to -0.02; P < 0.001) and a 0.01 kg/m2 decrease in lean body mass (β = -0.01; 95% CI, -0.02 to -0.01; P < 0.001). The contribution of ultra-processed foods to total dietary energy intake of Brazilian adolescents was associated with body composition, especially with decreasing lean body mass.

Viola PCAF ，Carvalho CA ，Bragança MLBM ，França AKTDC ，Alves MTSSBE ，da Silva AAM ... -  《-》