Integration of Palliative Care and Oncology Nursing.

To describe the evolution of oncology and palliative nursing in meeting the changing landscape of cancer care. Peer-reviewed articles, clinical practice guidelines, professional organization, and position statements. Nurses have been at the forefront of efforts to develop and implement oncology and palliative care programs. Fifty years ago a cancer diagnosis meant a poor prognosis, high symptom burden, and disease uncertainty. Current cancer care has advanced to include palliative care in conjunction with innovative therapies and symptom management. Specialty trained oncology and palliative care nurses are essential in disease and symptom management, psychosocial and spiritual support, and advance care planning.

Chow K ，Dahlin C 《-》

Emerging Models of Providing Oncology Palliative Care.

To describe palliative care integration into oncology, including several models that facilitate this integration, important considerations when initiating a program, special oncologic populations that would benefit from palliative care, and challenges to consider. Palliative care and oncology literature over the past decade. Multiple models exist to facilitate the integration of palliative care based on the needs of the providers or payers. There are several special populations that would benefit from early integration of palliative care. Nurses play a critical role in identifying patients, providing early primary palliative care, and facilitating collaborative relationships with and referring to specialist palliative care.

Cassel JB ，Albrecht TA 《-》

Evidence-based Palliative Care Approaches to Non-pain Physical Symptom Management in Cancer Patients.

To review effective approaches for non-pain symptom management for cancer patients focusing on treatment of nausea and vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, anorexia/cachexia, fatigue, and dyspnea. Peer-reviewed articles, clinical practice guidelines, professional organization position statements. Oncology nurses are key advocates for optimal symptom management. Maximizing palliation of symptoms improves quality of life and prolongs survival. To provide an evidence-based approach to symptom management, oncology nurses require a deep understanding of symptom pathophysiology while anticipating side effects, educating patients and caregivers, considering psychosocial/spiritual factors, exploring treatment expectations, and clarifying goals of treatment.

Hagmann C ，Cramer A ，Kestenbaum A ，Durazo C ，Downey A ，Russell M ，Geluz J ，Ma JD ，Roeland EJ ... -  《-》

Closing the Gap on Pediatric Palliative Oncology Disparities.

To describe pediatric palliative care (PPC) in pediatric oncology, the importance of PPC for pediatric oncology patients, disparities within pediatric palliative oncology, innovative strategies for improving PPC access in underserved populations, and implications for oncology nursing practice. Published pediatric oncology and palliative peer-reviewed articles and guidance documents. Disparities exist within pediatric palliative oncology. There is much work needed to improve the reach and quality of PPC for pediatric oncology patients, especially those from underserved populations. Nurses serve a critical role in advocating for PPC for seriously ill pediatric cancer patients and their families.

Currie ER ，McPeters SL ，Mack JW 《-》

Advance Care Planning and End-of-Life Decision Making for Patients with Cancer.

To highlight the importance, challenges, and evolution of advance care planning for patients with cancer. Peer-reviewed journal articles and clinical guidelines. Advance care planning is fundamental to support the personhood of patients with advanced cancer. Patients must be encouraged by physicians and nurses to articulate what matters and provides meaning to them as they live, cope, and receive treatment for their cancer. Nurses can facilitate advance care planning and primary palliative care, to support patients and families to make informed and value-concordant decisions regarding cancer and end-of-life treatments.

Agarwal R ，Epstein AS 《-》