Emerging Models of Providing Oncology Palliative Care.

To describe palliative care integration into oncology, including several models that facilitate this integration, important considerations when initiating a program, special oncologic populations that would benefit from palliative care, and challenges to consider. Palliative care and oncology literature over the past decade. Multiple models exist to facilitate the integration of palliative care based on the needs of the providers or payers. There are several special populations that would benefit from early integration of palliative care. Nurses play a critical role in identifying patients, providing early primary palliative care, and facilitating collaborative relationships with and referring to specialist palliative care.

Cassel JB ，Albrecht TA 《-》

Integration of Palliative Care and Oncology Nursing.

To describe the evolution of oncology and palliative nursing in meeting the changing landscape of cancer care. Peer-reviewed articles, clinical practice guidelines, professional organization, and position statements. Nurses have been at the forefront of efforts to develop and implement oncology and palliative care programs. Fifty years ago a cancer diagnosis meant a poor prognosis, high symptom burden, and disease uncertainty. Current cancer care has advanced to include palliative care in conjunction with innovative therapies and symptom management. Specialty trained oncology and palliative care nurses are essential in disease and symptom management, psychosocial and spiritual support, and advance care planning.

Chow K ，Dahlin C 《-》

Evidence-based Management of Cancer Pain.

To provide a brief review of common palliative care practices in the assessment and management of cancer pain for practicing oncology nurses. Published literature as indexed in Medline, relevant guideline documents, textbooks, and clinical experience. All persons with cancer should undergo a comprehensive pain assessment, using validated instruments when possible, and receive expert-guided cancer pain therapy. Specialist palliative care consultation should be engaged as needed to provide an extra layer of support. By better understanding cancer pain assessment and management strategies, nurses will be best equipped to meet the needs of patients and families.

Webb JA ，LeBlanc TW 《-》

Closing the Gap on Pediatric Palliative Oncology Disparities.

To describe pediatric palliative care (PPC) in pediatric oncology, the importance of PPC for pediatric oncology patients, disparities within pediatric palliative oncology, innovative strategies for improving PPC access in underserved populations, and implications for oncology nursing practice. Published pediatric oncology and palliative peer-reviewed articles and guidance documents. Disparities exist within pediatric palliative oncology. There is much work needed to improve the reach and quality of PPC for pediatric oncology patients, especially those from underserved populations. Nurses serve a critical role in advocating for PPC for seriously ill pediatric cancer patients and their families.

Currie ER ，McPeters SL ，Mack JW 《-》

Perspectives in International Palliative Care.

To explore an international perspective on the needs and challenges for providing palliative care services, the nurse's role, and building capacity for palliative care. Review of the most up-to-date literature related to global palliative care, cancer and nursing. The increase of cancer worldwide has added to the need for nurses to develop skills in palliative and end-of-life care. Despite the numerous global challenges nurses face in providing palliative care, a multitude of opportunities and organizations are available that support nurses. Palliative care is a foundation of care for most chronic illnesses globally. Nursing practice requires an awareness of palliative care best evidence to provide expert palliative care for patients with cancer and other chronic illnesses.

Kav S ，Brant JM ，Mushani T 《-》