Zinc-cadmium interactions: Impact on wheat physiology and mineral acquisition.

Increasing concentration of Cd in soil is of great concern due to risk of its entry into food chain. Zinc (Zn) being antagonist to Cd is an important micronutrient to ameliorate its toxic effects on plants and to limit its entry into food chain. A pot experiment was conducted using Cd contaminated soil (30 mg Cd kg(-1) soil as 3CdSO4 · 8H2O) to investigate the effect of soil and foliar applied Zn on physiological response and Cd concentration in wheat. In soil, Zn was applied at 15 and 30 mg Zn kg(-1) soil as zinc sulfate (ZnSO4 · 7H2O). For foliar applications, 3 and 6 g L(-1) ZnSO4 solution was sprayed on completing eight weeks of growth. Results indicated that Zn application could effectively improve physiological performance and mineral content of wheat grown on Cd contaminated soils. Among different Zn fertilization treatments, foliar application of 3 g L(-1) ZnSO4 solution recorded the maximum soluble proteins and the minimum grain-Cd concentration. Soil application of ZnSO4 or foliar application at 6 g L(-1) did not affect Cd concentration in grains. Zinc application through both the methods significantly increased phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and Zn concentrations in shoots. Concentration of P and K in grains showed positive relationship with that of Zn. In crux, present study suggests that foliar application of Zn at booting stage in a suitable concentration (3 g L(-1) ZnSO4 solution) can effectively ameliorate the adverse effects of Cd and decrease grain-Cd of wheat grown in Cd contaminated soil.

Sarwar N ，Ishaq W ，Farid G ，Shaheen MR ，Imran M ，Geng M ，Hussain S ... -  《-》

Foliar application of selenium and zinc to alleviate wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cadmium toxicity and uptake from cadmium-contaminated soil.

Due to the large area of agricultural soils contaminated by Cd worldwide, cost-effective and practical method for safety food production are necessary. The roles of micronutrient on reducing Cd accumulation in crops are recently introduced. In the current study, a pot-culture experiment in the greenhouse was conducted to study the foliar spraying of Se (Na2SeO4) and Zn (ZnSO4) on physiological and growth parameters, as well as Cd concentrations in wheat plants grown in Cd-contaminated soil. The foliar was sprayed with four concentration of Se and Zn (0, 10, 20, and 40 mg L-1) at different growth stage (tillering, elongating and heading) and whole wheat plants were collected after maturity. Both foliar spraying with Se and Zn significantly enhanced the photosynthesis, tissue biomass and antioxidant enzyme activity. Additionally, Se and Zn application can also increase Se and Zn concentrations in different plant tissues. Selenium and Zn decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and Cd concentrations in wheat grains, hulks, leaves, stalks and root in a dose-additive manner. Overall, Se and Zn both efficiently enhanced the wheat growth and Se and Zn concentrations, and simultaneously decreased the Cd concentration in wheat plant. Compared with Zn, Se more efficiently improved wheat growth and reduced Cd concentration in the wheat in a Cd-contaminated soil. Present results suggest that use of foliar spraying, especially Se, could be a cost-effective strategy and could be recommended for remediation of light-or moderate-polluted soils contaminated by Cd.

Wu C ，Dun Y ，Zhang Z ，Li M ，Wu G ... -  《-》

Zinc-biofortified wheat accumulates more cadmium in grains than standard wheat when grown on cadmium-contaminated soil regardless of soil and foliar zinc application.

Zinc (Zn)-biofortified wheat may contribute to decreasing widespread human Zn deficiency. Such genotypes may also accumulate cadmium (Cd) in grains that would expect to be decreased by Zn application. However, the influence of soil and foliar Zn application on grain Cd accumulation in Zn-biofortified versus standard wheat is unknown. In our experiment, we grew standard (Faisalabad-2008) and Zn-biofortified (Zincol-2016) wheats in pots having uncontaminated (T0) or Cd-spiked (8 mg kg-1) soil. Plants in Cd-amended pots were treated with no Zn (T1), 8 mg Zn kg-1 to soil at sowing (T2), 0.5% w/v ZnSO4·7H2O to foliage at booting and heading (T3), or soil (as in T2) + foliar (as in T3) Zn application (T4). Only in the uncontaminated control, grain yield of Faisalabad-2008 was greater than Zincol-2016. Any Zn application to Zincol-2016 grown in Cd-spiked pots increased grain yield compared with the uncontaminated control. In both cultivars, grain Zn concentration was influenced more by foliar than soil Zn application. However, Zincol-2016 had 6 to 14 mg more Zn kg-1 in grains than Faisalabad-2008 in the comparable treatments. Cadmium exposure (T1 vs. T0) decreased grain yield of only Faisalabad-2008, and decreased grain Zn concentration only in Zincol-2016. Without any Zn application, grain Cd concentration in both cultivars exposed to Cd was above the permissible level (0.20 mg kg-1). Zinc application decreased grain Cd concentration, although it remained above the permissible level in both cultivars except in Faisalabad-2008 when treated with soil + foliar Zn. Foliar Zn application decreased grain Cd concentration more than soil Zn application, and more in Zincol-2016 than Faisalabad-2008. In the comparable Cd-spiked treatments, Zincol-2016 had 73 to 134% higher grain Cd concentration than Faisalabad-2008. The Zn-biofortified genotypes accumulating toxic metals may pose serious health issues. Therefore, future breeding for biofortification should focus on the selective accumulation of Zn.

Hussain S ，Khan AM ，Rengel Z 《-》

Timing of foliar Zn application plays a vital role in minimizing Cd accumulation in wheat.

Saifullah ，Javed H ，Naeem A ，Rengel Z ，Dahlawi S ... -  《-》

Effect of zinc-lysine on growth, yield and cadmium uptake in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and health risk assessment.

Cadmium (Cd) is among the most widespread toxic trace elements found in agricultural soils due to various anthropogenic activities. The role of micronutrient-amino chelates on reducing Cd toxicity in crop plants is recently introduced. The current study was conducted to highlight the role of foliar application of zinc-lysine (Zn-lys) complex on biochemical and growth parameters and Cd uptake in wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in aged Cd-contaminated soil. Foliar concentration of Zn-lys (0, 10, 20, and 30 mg L-1) was applied at different time intervals (2nd, 3rd, 5th and 7th week of sowing) and plants were harvested at maturity. Folliar application of Zinc-lys significantly increased the photosynthesis, grain yield, enzyme activities and Zn contents in different plant tissues. Zinc-lys reduced Cd contents in grains, shoot and root as well as reduced the oxidative stress in wheat linearly in a dose-additive manner. Taken together, Zn-lys chelate efficiently improved wheat growth and fortified Zn contents while reduced Cd concentration in plant in a Zn-deficient Cd-contaminated soil. Although, health risk index (HRI) from the soil sampling area seems to be lower than <1 for Cd but may exceed due to long-term consumption of grains produced from such contaminated soil. Foliar applied Zn-lys reduced HRI which may help to reduce health risks associated with Cd.

Rizwan M ，Ali S ，Hussain A ，Ali Q ，Shakoor MB ，Zia-Ur-Rehman M ，Farid M ，Asma M ... -  《-》