Investigation of thermal distribution for pulsed laser radiation in cancer treatment with nanoparticle-mediated hyperthermia.

In this paper, we have simulated the efficacy of gold/gold sulfide (GGS) nanoshells in NIR laser hyperthermia to achieve effective targeting for tumor photothermal therapy. The problem statement takes into account the heat transfer with the blood perfusion through capillaries, and pulsed laser irradiation during the hyperthermia. Although previous researchers have used short laser pulses (nanosecond and less), in order to prevent heat leakage to the neighbor tissues, we have examined the effect of millisecond pulses, as the extent of the target volume to which hyperthermia is induced is usually larger and also the lasers with this specification are more available. A tumor with surrounding tissue was simulated in COMSOL software (a finite element analysis, solver and simulation software) and also in a phantom made of agarose and intralipid. The tumor was irradiated by 10, 20 and 30 laser pulses with durations of 15, 50 and 200ms and fluences of 20, 40 and 60J/cm(2). Experimental tests performed on a phantom prove the ability of the applied numerical model to capture the temperature distribution in the target tissue. We have shown that our simulation permits prediction of treatment outcome from computation of thermal distribution within the tumor during laser hyperthermia using GGS nanoshells and millisecond pulsed laser irradiation. The advantage of this simulation is its simplicity as well as its accuracy. Although, to develop the model completely for a given organ and application, all the parameters should be estimated based on a real vasculature of the organ, physiological conditions, and expected variation in those physiological conditions for that application in the organ.

Sazgarnia A ，Naghavi N ，Mehdizadeh H ，Shahamat Z ... -  《JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY》

Numerical investigation of thermal response of laser-irradiated biological tissue phantoms embedded with gold nanoshells.

The work presented in this paper focuses on numerically investigating the thermal response of gold nanoshells-embedded biological tissue phantoms with potential applications into photo-thermal therapy wherein the interest is in destroying the cancerous cells with minimum damage to the surrounding healthy cells. The tissue phantom has been irradiated with a pico-second laser. Radiative transfer equation (RTE) has been employed to model the light-tissue interaction using discrete ordinate method (DOM). For determining the temperature distribution inside the tissue phantom, the RTE has been solved in combination with a generalized non-Fourier heat conduction model namely the dual phase lag bio-heat transfer model. The numerical code comprising the coupled RTE-bio-heat transfer equation, developed as a part of the current work, has been benchmarked against the experimental as well as the numerical results available in the literature. It has been demonstrated that the temperature of the optical inhomogeneity inside the biological tissue phantom embedded with gold nanoshells is relatively higher than that of the baseline case (no nanoshells) for the same laser power and operation time. The study clearly underlines the impact of nanoshell concentration and its size on the thermal response of the biological tissue sample. The comparative study concerned with the size and concentration of nanoshells showed that 60nm nanoshells with concentration of 5×1015mm-3 result into the temperature levels that are optimum for the irreversible destruction of cancer infected cells in the context of photo-thermal therapy. To the best of the knowledge of the authors, the present study is one of the first attempts to quantify the influence of gold nanoshells on the temperature distributions inside the biological tissue phantoms upon laser irradiation using the dual phase lag heat conduction model.

Phadnis A ，Kumar S ，Srivastava A 《JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY》

Modeling of plasmonic heating from individual gold nanoshells for near-infrared laser-induced thermal therapy.

Cheong SK ，Krishnan S ，Cho SH 《MEDICAL PHYSICS》

Laser-induced tissue hyperthermia mediated by gold nanoparticles: toward cancer phototherapy.

Terentyuk GS ，Maslyakova GN ，Suleymanova LV ，Khlebtsov NG ，Khlebtsov BN ，Akchurin GG ，Maksimova IL ，Tuchin VV ... -  《-》

Implementation of a multisource model for gold nanoparticle-mediated plasmonic heating with near-infrared laser by the finite element method.

Reynoso FJ ，Lee CD ，Cheong SK ，Cho SH ... -  《-》