Outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting and reduction annuloplasty for functional ischemic mitral regurgitation: a prospective multicenter study (Randomized Evaluation of a Surgical Treatment for Off-Pump Repair of the Mitral Valve).

Functional ischemic mitral regurgitation is a complication of ventricular remodeling; standard therapy is reduction annuloplasty and coronary artery bypass grafting. Unfortunately, outcomes are retrospective and contradictory. We report a multicenter study that documents the outcomes of reduction annuloplasty for functional ischemic mitral regurgitation. Twenty-one centers randomized 75 patients to the coronary artery bypass grafting + reduction annuloplasty subgroup that was the control arm of the Randomized Evaluation of a Surgical Treatment for Off-pump Repair of the Mitral Valve trial. Entry criteria included patients requiring revascularization, patients with severe or symptomatic moderate functional ischemic mitral regurgitation, an ejection fraction 25% or greater, a left ventricular end-diastolic dimension 7.0 cm or less, and more than 30 days since acute myocardial infarction. All echocardiograms were independently scored by a core laboratory. Reduction annuloplasty was achieved by device annuloplasty. Two patients underwent immediate intraoperative conversion to a valve replacement because reduction annuloplasty was unable to correct mitral regurgitation; as-treated results are presented. Thirty-day mortality was 4.1% (3/73). Patients received an average of 2.8 bypass grafts. Mean follow-up was 24.6 months. Mitral regurgitation was reduced from 2.6 ± 0.8 preoperatively to 0.3 ± 0.6 at 2 years. Freedom from death or valve reoperation was 78% ± 5% at 2 years. There was significant improvement in ejection fraction and New York Heart Association class with reduction of left ventricular end-diastolic dimension. Cox regression analyses suggested that increasing age (P = .001; hazard ratio, 1.16 per year; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.26) and renal disease (P = .018; hazard ratio, 3.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.25-9.72) were associated with decreased survival. Coronary artery bypass grafting + reduction annuloplasty for functional ischemic mitral regurgitation predictably reduces mitral regurgitation and relieves symptoms. This treatment of moderate to severe mitral regurgitation is associated with improved indices of ventricular function, improved New York Heart Association class, and excellent freedom from recurrent mitral insufficiency. Although long-term prognosis remains guarded, this multicenter study delineates the intermediate-term benefits of such an approach.

Grossi EA ，Woo YJ ，Patel N ，Goldberg JD ，Schwartz CF ，Subramanian VA ，Genco C ，Goldman SM ，Zenati MA ，Wolfe JA ，Mishra YK ，Trehan N ... -  《-》

Mitral regurgitation surgery in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and ischemic mitral regurgitation: factors that influence survival.

The treatment of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and concomitant mitral regurgitation can be challenging and is associated with reduced long-term survival. It is unclear how mitral valve repair versus replacement affects subsequent outcome. Therefore, we conducted this study to understand the predictors of mortality and to delineate the role of mitral valve repair versus replacement in this high-risk population. From 1993 to 2007, 431 patients (mean age, 70 ± 9 years) with ischemic cardiomyopathy (left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 45%) and significant ischemic mitral regurgitation (>2) were identified. Patients (44) with concomitant mitral stenosis were excluded from the analysis. A homogeneous group of 387 patients underwent combined coronary artery bypass grafting and mitral valve surgery, mitral valve repair in 302 (78%) and mitral valve replacement in 85 (22%). Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed on the entire cohort, and the predictors of mortality were identified in 2 distinct risk phases. Furthermore, we specifically examined the impact of mitral valve repair versus replacement by comparing 2 propensity-matched subgroups. Follow-up was 100% complete (median, 3.6 years; range, 0-15 years). Overall 1-, 5-, and 10-year survivals were 82.7%, 55.2%, and 24.3%, respectively, for the entire group. The risk factors for an increased mortality within the first year of surgery included previous coronary artery bypass grafting (hazard ratio = 3.39; P < .001), emergency/urgent status (hazard ratio = 2.08; P = .007), age (hazard ratio = 1.5; P = .03), and low left ventricular ejection fraction (hazard ratio = 1.31; P = .026). Thereafter, only age (hazard ratio = 1.58; P < .001), diabetes (hazard ratio = 2.5; P = .001), and preoperative renal insufficiency (hazard ratio = 1.72; P = .025) were predictive. The status of mitral valve repair versus replacement did not influence survival, and this was confirmed by comparable survival in propensity-matched analyses. Survival after combined coronary artery bypass grafting and mitral valve surgery in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 45%) and mitral regurgitation is compromised and mostly influenced by factors related to the patient's condition at the time of surgery. The specifics of mitral valve repair versus replacement did not seem to affect survival.

Maltais S ，Schaff HV ，Daly RC ，Suri RM ，Dearani JA ，Sundt TM 3rd ，Enriquez-Sarano M ，Topilsky Y ，Park SJ ... -  《-》

Three-dimensional valve repair-the better care? Midterm results of a saddle-shaped, rigid annuloplasty ring in patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation.

Guenzinger R ，Schneider EP ，Guenther T ，Wolf P ，Mazzitelli D ，Lange R ，Voss B ... -  《-》

Papillary muscle relocation and mitral annuloplasty in ischemic mitral valve regurgitation: midterm results.

The surgical approach for ischemic mitral regurgitation remains unclear. Many studies are in favor of adding the subvalvular procedure to mitral annuloplasty to reduce recurrent mitral regurgitation. This study reports the clinical and echocardiographic outcomes of papillary muscle relocation combined with mitral annuloplasty. From 2003, 115 patients with severe ischemic mitral regurgitation who underwent papillary muscle relocation plus nonrestrictive mitral annuloplasty and coronary artery bypass grafting were retrospective analyzed. Patients' mean age was 52±12.8 years, New York Heart Association class III or IV was 71%, and preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction was 43%±6%. The study end points were New York Heart Association functional class, reversal in left ventricle remodeling, reduction of mean tenting area and mean coaptation depth, freedom from cardiac-related deaths and events, and freedom from recurrent mitral regurgitation. Follow-up data were obtained in all patients and were 100% complete. Mean follow-up was 45±6 months. Five-year freedom from cardiac-related death and events was 91.3%±1.6% and 84%±2.2%, respectively. Recurrent mitral regurgitation more than moderate occurred in 3 patients (2.7%). Reversal in left ventricular remodeling, measured by a change in the end-diastolic and systolic diameter, was observed in our patients (P<.05). The postoperative mean tenting area and mean coaptation depth were 1.1±0.2 cm2 and 0.5±0.2 cm, respectively; 95% of the patients were in New York Heart Association functional class I and II. In patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation, papillary muscle relocation plus nonrestrictive mitral annuloplasty promotes a significant reversal in left ventricular remodeling, with a considerable decrease in tenting area and coaptation depth. Our approach is a durable method to reduce the recurrence of mitral insufficiency.

Fattouch K ，Castrovinci S ，Murana G ，Dioguardi P ，Guccione F ，Nasso G ，Speziale G ... -  《-》

Multicenter experience: early outcome of mitral valve repair in patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation.

Hussein MA ，Abdelrehim AR ，Mubarak YSM 《-》