Psychometric attributes of the SCOPA-COG Brazilian version.

Cross-cultural adaptation and independent psychometric assessment of the Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's disease-Cognition (SCOPA-COG), Brazilian version was performed. Parkinson's disease (PD) patients were evaluated by means of the SCOPA-Motor scale, Hoehn and Yahr staging (HY), Clinical Impression of Severity Index-PD (CISI-PD), Parkinson Psychosis Rating Scale, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Cognition was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ), and SCOPA-COG. The following attributes were explored: acceptability, scaling assumptions, reliability, precision, and construct validity. One hundred fifty-two patients were assessed (mean age, 63.2 years; disease duration, 7.8 years; median HY stage, 3). Mean SCOPA-COG and MMSE were 18.2 and 25.7, respectively. The internal consistency of the SCOPA-COG (Cronbach's alpha = 0.81; item-total correlation, 0.38-0.62) was satisfactory. While the intraclass correlation coefficient value was 0.80, weighted kappa ranged from 0.30 (dice task) to 0.72 (animal fluency task). The standard error of measurement value for the SCOPA-COG was 3.2, whereas the smallest real difference was 8.9. SCOPA-COG total scores significantly decreased as the HY stage increased (Kruskal-Wallis, P < 0.0001). Age, years of education, and PD duration (all, P < 0.001) were observed to have an independent, significant effect on the SCOPA-COG. The SCOPA-COG is a short, reliable, valid instrument that is sensitive to cognitive deficits specific to PD.

Carod-Artal FJ ，Martínez-Martin P ，Kummer W ，Ribeiro Lda S ... -  《-》

Psychometric properties of the SCOPA-AUT Brazilian Portuguese version.

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric assessment of the Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease-Autonomic questionnaire (SCOPA-AUT) Brazilian Portuguese version. 150 consecutive Parkinson's disease (PD) patients were evaluated by means of the SCOPA-motor scale (SCOPA-M), SCOPA-cognition (SCOPA-COG), Hoehn and Yahr staging (H&Y), nonmotor symptoms scale (NMSS), PD questionnaire (PDQ-39), and SCOPA-AUT. The following psychometric attributes were explored: acceptability, scaling assumptions, reliability, precision, and construct validity. Patients' age (mean +/- standard deviation) was 63.1 +/- 11.1 years (56.7% men; duration of disease, 8.7 +/- 5.3 years; median H&Y, 2). Mean SCOPA-AUT was 23.0 +/- 11.2. SCOPA-AUT did not show floor or ceiling effect. As a whole, the SCOPA-AUT item-domain correlation was satisfactory, except for items 2 (Saliva), 7 (Faecal incontinence), 16 (Syncope), and 19 (Cold intolerance) (|r(S)| = 0.03-0.32). Internal consistency was adequate, except for thermoregulatory and cardiovascular domains (alpha coefficients, 0.56 and 0.63, respectively). Intraclass correlation coefficient for the total score was 0.71, whereas weighted kappa for individual items ranged from 0.15 to 0.71 (only items 4 and 7 were <0.40). Standard error of measurement was 6.04. The SCOPA-AUT total score correlated closely with the NMSS total score (r(S) = 0.65) and PDQ-39 Summary Index (r(S) = 0.61) and at a moderate level with H&Y staging (r(S) = 0.35) and SCOPA-MS total score (r(S) = 0.39) (all r(S) values, P < 0.0001). Correlation of SCOPA-AUT with SCOPA-COG was weak. SCOPA-AUT significantly increased as the H&Y stage increased (Kruskal-Wallis, P < 0.0001). The SCOPA-AUT Brazilian Portuguese version is an acceptable, reliable, and valid questionnaire to evaluate autonomic dysfunction in PD.

Carod-Artal FJ ，Ribeiro Lda S ，Kummer W ，Martinez-Martin P ... -  《-》

[Psychometric attributes of the Parkinson's Disease-Cognitive Rating Scale. An independent validation study].

Martínez-Martín P ，Prieto-Jurczynska C ，Frades-Payo B 《-》

SCOPA-sleep and PDSS: two scales for assessment of sleep disorder in Parkinson's disease.

This study evaluated the comparative validity and usefulness of the Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS) and the Scales for Outcomes in PD-Sleep Scale (SCOPA-S), two disease-specific rating scales for assessing sleep disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD). Hoehn and Yahr staging (HY), SCOPA-Motor, Mini-Mental State Examination, Clinical Impression of Severity Index for PD, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, EuroQoL, and SCOPA-Psychosocial, in addition to PDSS and SCOPA-S (night-time sleep (NS) and daytime sleepiness (DS) subscales), were applied to 187 consecutive PD patients. PDSS and SCOPA-S proved similar in acceptability, scaling assumptions, precision, and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.82-0.84). Factor analysis revealed five separate factors for PDSS (67% of the variance) and one factor for each SCOPA-S subscale (60% of the variance for NS and 57% for DS). Correlation coefficient between PDSS and SCOPA-S NS was -0.60. Sleep scales correlated moderately with mood, low-to-moderate with HRQoL, and low with the rest of measures. PDSS and SCOPA-S DS discriminated between patients grouped by HY severity levels and disease duration. Cutoff points of 82/83 for PDSS and 6/7 for SCOPA-S NS were drawn to identify PD patients with sleep problems. Depression/anxiety scores explained 26% for PDSS and 22% for SCOPA-S NS scores. Both scales provide valid, reliable, and useful means to evaluate sleep disorders in PD. PDSS may be used to obtain a profile about potential causes of "bad sleep," but is barely useful to assess DS, whereas SCOPA-S assesses nocturnal sleep disorders and daytime somnolence at a similar extent, without exploring the potential causes.

Martinez-Martin P ，Visser M ，Rodriguez-Blazquez C ，Marinus J ，Chaudhuri KR ，van Hilten JJ ，SCOPA-Propark Group ，ELEP Group ... -  《-》

Independent validation of SCOPA-psychosocial and metric properties of the PDQ-39 Brazilian version.

The objective of this study was to perform an independent validation of the Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease-Psychosocial questionnaire (SCOPA-PS) and assessment of the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39), Brazilian version. Patients were evaluated by means of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Hoehn and Yahr staging (HY), Schwab and England scale, Mini-Mental State Examination, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Health-related quality of life was evaluated using the MOS-Short Form 36 (SF-36), PDQ-39, and SCOPA-PS. One hundred forty-four patients were included (mean age, 62 years; 53.5% males; mean duration of illness, 6.6 years; HY, 1-4). Mean SCOPA-PS and PDQ-39 Summary Index (SI) were 39.2 and 40.7, respectively. The internal consistency of SCOPA-PS (Cronbach's alpha = 0.84; item-total correlation, 0.44-0.73) and PDQ-39 dimensions (alpha = 0.61-0.85; item-total correlation, 0.46-0.82) were satisfactory. Concerning the stability of the questionnaires, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values were 0.71 for the SCOPA-PS and 0.86 for the PDQ-39 SI. ICC for PDQ-39 dimensions ranged from 0.52 (social support) to 0.80 (stigma). Standard error of measurement (SEM) values for each PDQ-39 dimension ranged from 0.49 (emotional well-being) to 17.52 (social support). SEM values for SCOPA-PS and PDQ-39 SI were 11.84 and 6.72, respectively. A significant correlation of SCOPA-PS and PDQ-39 SI with the SF-36 physical (-0.42 and -0.52, respectively) and mental components (-0.41) was found. Correlation between SCOPA-PS and PDQ-39 SI was 0.73 (all coefficients, P < 0.0001). The SCOPA-PS and PDQ-39, Brazilian versions, have satisfactory metric attributes.

Carod-Artal FJ ，Martinez-Martin P ，Vargas AP 《MOVEMENT DISORDERS》