Distribution of somatostatin-28 (1-12) immunoreactivity in the diencephalon and the brainstem of the dog.

:The term somatostatin refers to a family of peptides, mainly somatostatin-14, somatostatin-28 and somatostatin-28 (1-12), which are the cleavage products of a single 116 amino acid-long preprosomatostain molecule. The production of antibodies to these peptides allows their localization in a number of neuronal populations throughout the entire neuroaxis in many mammals. The dog has been pointed out as an extremely useful animal model for studying age-related cognitive dysfunction and other neuronal changes associated with aging in which somatostatin appears to be involved. However, only very scanty information is available with regard to the distribution of somatostatin in the brain of the dog. In the present work we have determined the pattern of the distribution of somatostatin-28 (1-12) immunoreactivity in the diencephalon and the brainstem of the dog. High to moderate densities of labeled perikarya were found in the anterior periventricular and arcuate hypothalamic nuclei, the reticular thalamic nucleus, in delimited parts of the nucleus of the brachium inferior colliculus, the retrorubral area, the dorsal raphe nucleus, the myelencephalic reticular formation and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. Less dense population of somatostatin cells were localized in other diencephalic and brainstem nuclei. The distribution of labeled fibers was even broader as in addition to those above mentioned there were a number of areas that appeared devoid of labeled perikarya. Many of the findings were similar to those reported in earlier works while others underlined the existence of inconsistencies in the distribution pattern of this peptide in the brain of mammals.

Pego-Reigosa R ，Coveñas R ，Tramu G ，Pesini P ... -  《anatomy and embryology》

Distribution of alpha-neoendorphin immunoreactivity in the diencephalon and the brainstem of the dog.

Pesini P ，Pego-Reigosa R ，Tramu G ，Coveñas R ... -  《JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL NEUROANATOMY》

Mapping of somatostatin-28 (1-12) in the alpaca (Lama pacos) brainstem.

Using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique, we studied the distribution of cell bodies and fibers containing somatostatin-28 (1-12) in the alpaca brainstem. Immunoreactive fibers were widely distributed throughout the whole brainstem: 34 brainstem nuclei/regions showed a high or a moderate density of these fibers. Perikarya containing the peptide were widely distributed throughout the mesencephalon, pons and medulla oblongata. Cell bodies containing somatostatin-28 (1-12) were observed in the lateral and medial divisions of the marginal nucleus of the brachium conjunctivum, reticular formation (mesencephalon, pons and medulla oblongata), inferior colliculus, periaqueductal gray, superior colliculus, pericentral division of the dorsal tegmental nucleus, interpeduncular nucleus, nucleus of the trapezoid body, vestibular nucleus, motor dorsal nucleus of the vagus, nucleus of the solitary tract, nucleus praepositus hypoglossi, and in the substantia nigra. This widespread distribution indicates that somatostatin-28 (1-12) is involved in multiple physiological actions in the alpaca brainstem.

De Souza E ，Sánchez ML ，Aguilar LÁ ，Díaz-Cabiale Z ，Narváez JÁ ，Coveñas R ... -  《-》

Distribution of ACTH immunoreactivity in the diencephalon and the brainstem of the dog.

Pesini P ，Pego-Reigosa R ，Tramu G ，Coveñas R ... -  《JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL NEUROANATOMY》

Distribution and pharmacological characterization of somatostatin receptor binding sites in the sheep brain.

Fodor M ，Slama A ，Guillaume V ，Videau C ，Csaba Z ，Oliver C ，Epelbaum J ... -  《JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL NEUROANATOMY》