Mapping of somatostatin-28 (1-12) in the alpaca (Lama pacos) brainstem.

Using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique, we studied the distribution of cell bodies and fibers containing somatostatin-28 (1-12) in the alpaca brainstem. Immunoreactive fibers were widely distributed throughout the whole brainstem: 34 brainstem nuclei/regions showed a high or a moderate density of these fibers. Perikarya containing the peptide were widely distributed throughout the mesencephalon, pons and medulla oblongata. Cell bodies containing somatostatin-28 (1-12) were observed in the lateral and medial divisions of the marginal nucleus of the brachium conjunctivum, reticular formation (mesencephalon, pons and medulla oblongata), inferior colliculus, periaqueductal gray, superior colliculus, pericentral division of the dorsal tegmental nucleus, interpeduncular nucleus, nucleus of the trapezoid body, vestibular nucleus, motor dorsal nucleus of the vagus, nucleus of the solitary tract, nucleus praepositus hypoglossi, and in the substantia nigra. This widespread distribution indicates that somatostatin-28 (1-12) is involved in multiple physiological actions in the alpaca brainstem.

De Souza E ，Sánchez ML ，Aguilar LÁ ，Díaz-Cabiale Z ，Narváez JÁ ，Coveñas R ... -  《-》

Mapping of neurotensin in the alpaca (Lama pacos) brainstem.

We studied the distribution of cell bodies and fibres containing neurotensin (NT) in the brainstem of the alpaca using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Immunoreactive fibres were widely distributed throughout the brainstem, whereas the distribution of cell bodies was less widespread. Immunoreactive perikarya were only found in the mesencephalic and bulbar reticular formation, periaqueductal grey, nucleus of the solitary tract, laminar spinal trigeminal nucleus and in the inferior colliculus. A high density of fibres containing NT was found in the dorsal nucleus of the raphe, marginal nucleus of the brachium conjunctivum, locus coeruleus, inferior colliculus, inter-peduncular nucleus, substantia nigra, periaqueductal grey, reticular formation of the mesencephalon, pons and medulla oblongata, nucleus of the solitary tract, laminar spinal trigeminal nucleus, hypoglossal nucleus, inferior central nucleus and in the tegmental reticular nucleus. The widespread distribution indicates that NT might be involved in multiple physiological actions in the alpaca brainstem; this must be investigated in the future as alpacas lives from 0 m above sea level to altitudes of up 5000 m and hence the involvement of this neuropeptide in special and unique regulatory physiological mechanisms could be suggested.

de Souza E ，Aguilar LA ，Díaz-Cabiale Z ，Narváez JA ，Coveñas R ... -  《-》

Mapping of CGRP in the alpaca (Lama pacos) brainstem.

de Souza E ，Coveñas R ，Yi P ，Aguilar LA ，Lerma L ，Andrade R ，Mangas A ，Díaz-Cabiale Z ，Narváez JA ... -  《JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL NEUROANATOMY》

Distribution of somatostatin-28 (1-12) in the cat brainstem: an immunocytochemical study.

De León M ，Coveñas R ，Narváez JA ，Tramu G ，Aguirre JA ，González-Barón S ... -  《NEUROPEPTIDES》

Distribution of cholecystokinin octapeptide in the cat brainstem: an immunocytochemical study.

De León M ，Coveñas R ，Narváez JA ，Tramu G ，Aguirre JA ，González-Barón S ... -  《ARCHIVES ITALIENNES DE BIOLOGIE》