Unveiling the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of stanniocalcin-1 in retinal degeneration.

被引量：- 发表：1970

Safety protocols, precautions, and countermeasures aboard the International Space Station (ISS) to prevent ocular injury.

The International Space Station (ISS) is a $100 billion epicenter of human activity in the vacuum of space, displaying mankind's collective endeavor to explore the cosmic frontier. Even within the marvels of technological sophistication aboard the ISS, the human eye remains a highly vulnerable structure. In the absence of multiple layers of protection and risk assessments, crewmembers would face a substantial increase in vulnerability to ocular injury. Aside from stringent preflight screening criteria for astronauts, the ISS is equipped with ophthalmic medications, environmental control and life support systems (e.g., humidity regulation, carbon dioxide removal, pressurized device regulators), and radiation protection to reduce ocular injury. Moreover, additional countermeasures are currently being developed to mitigate the effects of spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) and lunar dust toxicity for the Artemis Program missions. The success of future endeavors hinges not only on continued technological innovation, but also respecting the intricate interplay between human physiology and the extraterrestrial environments. Establishing habitations on the Moon and Mars, as well as NASA's Gateway Program (humanity's first space station around the Moon), will introduce a new set of challenges, underscoring the necessity for continuous insights into ocular health in space. We discuss the safety protocols, precautions, and countermeasures implemented on the ISS to prevent ocular injury - an aspect often overshadowed by the grandeur of space exploration.

被引量：- 发表：1970

Macular neovascularization.

Neovascularization of the macula, a common complication of many chorioretinal diseases such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, and pathologic myopia results from increased synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by the retinal pigment epithelium and/or Müller cells because of localized ischemia and inflammation. The Consensus on Neovascular AMD Nomenclature (CONAN) study group acknowledged that these vessels may originate from either the choriocapillaris or the retinal microvasculature, prompting them to propose the term 'macular neovascularization' (MNV) to include intraretinal, subretinal, and sub-pigment epithelial neovascularization localized to the macula. MNV frequently appears as a grey-green macular lesion with overlying intraretinal thickening and/or subretinal exudation, causing metamorphopsia, reduced central vision, relative central scotoma, decreased reading speed, and problems with color recognition. Multimodal imaging with optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography, dye-based angiographies, fundus autofluorescence, and multiwavelength photography help establish the diagnosis and aid in selecting an appropriate treatment. The standard of care for MNV is usually intravitreal anti-VEGF injections, though thermal laser photocoagulation, verteporfin photodynamic therapy, and vitreoretinal surgery are occasionally used. This current review discusses the etiology and clinical features of MNV, the role of multimodal imaging in establishing the diagnosis, and the available therapeutic options.

被引量：- 发表：1970

Traumatic retinal detachment: A contemporary update.

被引量：- 发表：1970

Incisional choroidal surgery.

被引量：- 发表：1970