[Early familial and environmental processes in schizophrenia. Importance of premorbid personality evaluation].

According to the neurodevelopmental hypothesis, antenatal aggressions (hypoxia and seasonal viral infections) could increase the risk of schizophrenia in adulthood as shown by an excess of obstetric complications and births in winter--spring in schizophrenic patients. As schizoid and schizotypal personality disorders are genetically linked to schizophrenia, we wanted to verify whether such disorders in the premorbid period in schizophrenic patients could be markers of a more genetic and less environmental sub-type of schizophrenia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess schizoid and schizotypal premorbid personality disorders (PPD) in 60 schizophrenic patients, and to assess the weight of familial and environmental factors according to the diagnosis of PPD. 41.7% of patients (25/60) had a schizoid or schizotypal PPD. Compared with patients without PPD, patients with PPD had more often schizophrenia spectrum disorders in first degree relatives (33.3% vs 14.7%, NS), less often obstetric complications (20.8% vs 50.0%, p < 0.05) and were less often born in the first half-year (44.0% vs 68.6%, p = 0.05). So, we showed a non significant positive association between schizoid--schizotypal PPD and family history of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and a significant negative association between PPD and environmental factors: obstetric complications (OC) and birth in winter-spring. So, the absence of PPD could enable us to identify a sub-group of patients in whom environmental factors play a major role. Moreover, the relations between genetic factors and PPD seem to be complicated. Nevertheless, the notion of PPD could give information about the kind of genetic factors implicated in schizophrenia.

Chabot B ，Germain-Robin S ，Petit M ，Dollfus S ... -  《ENCEPHALE-REVUE DE PSYCHIATRIE CLINIQUE BIOLOGIQUE ET THERAPEUTIQUE》

The Nithsdale Schizophrenia Surveys. XII. 'Neurodevelopmental' Schizophrenia: a search for clinical correlates and putative aetiological factors.

The aim was to examine in a population of schizophrenic patients the clinical correlates of 'neurodevelopmental' schizophrenia and their relationship to putative aetiological factors. Premorbid social adjustment, premorbid schizoid and schizotypal personality traits, and the obstetric history of 40 schizophrenic patients and their 102 sibs were assessed through interviews with their mothers. Patients' premorbid level of intelligence was assessed by the National Adult Reading Test and current symptoms by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Subjective Deficit Syndrome Scale. Patients had more schizoid and schizotypal traits than their sibs. They showed a deterioration in social adjustment between childhood and adolescence; sibs' social adjustment improved. There were statistically significant associations between current negative schizophrenic symptoms, premorbid deterioration in social adjustment, and schizoid and schizotypal personality traits, and between an early age of onset of illness and the same premorbid assessments. There was no evidence that patients with a family history of severe mental illness leading to hospitalisation, or a history of definite obstetric complications, had poorer premorbid functioning or more severe current symptoms. We have confirmed clinical correlates of 'neurodevelopmental' schizophrenia but found no association between these and obstetric complications or a family history of severe mental disorder.

McCreadie RG ，Connolly MA ，Williamson DJ ，Athawes RW ，Tilak-Singh D ... -  《BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY》

Neurodevelopmental factors associated with schizotypal symptoms among adolescents at risk for schizophrenia.

Hans SL ，Auerbach JG ，Nuechterlein KH ，Asarnow RF ，Asarnow J ，Styr B ，Marcus J ... -  《-》

Premorbid personality in schizophrenia spectrum: a prospective study.

Ekstrøm M ，Lykke Mortensen E ，Sørensen HJ ，Mednick SA ... -  《NORDIC JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY》

[Descriptive approach to latent forms of schizophrenia].

Rivet B ，Bougerol T ，Cura B ，Llorca PM ，Lançon C ，Scotto JC ... -  《ENCEPHALE-REVUE DE PSYCHIATRIE CLINIQUE BIOLOGIQUE ET THERAPEUTIQUE》