Effects of Kalimeris indica on alcohol-induced liver injury through storing Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and gut microbiota.

Kalimeris indica (L.) Sch. Bip., (K. indica) is a plant classified under the genus Kalimeris within the Asteraceae family. The herb of K. indica has been historically utilized as a traditional medicine. The consumption of excessive amounts of alcohol represents a lifestyle choice that can induce tissue damage and contribute to the development of various health conditions. The HPLC-MS method was used to reveal the chemical composition of K. indica extract. HepG2 cells were used to test the in vitro oxidative stress. C57BL/6 mice were used to construct the in vivo alcohol-induced liver injury. H/E staining and serum ALT and AST levels were tested to assess the in vivo protective effect of ML (50 and 200 mg/kg). GSH, SOD, and CAT levels along with byproduct MDA levels were used to evaluate the in vivo oxidative stress. Immunohistochemical experiments were used to examine the in vivo Nrf2 and HO-1 levels. 16S rRNA gene-based profiling method was used to test the alteration in gut microbiota. 16 compounds were identified from K. indica extract. K. indica treatment reduced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells treated with 5% alcohol. H/E staining results showed that K. indica (50 and 200 mg/kg) alleviated liver injury caused by alcohol administration, eliciting a similar protective effect to the positive drug silymarin. Serum ALT and AST examination gave a consistent result, showing that ML could restore serum ALT and AST levels in mice treated with alcohol. Furthermore, K. indica could also restore GSH, SOD, CAT, and MDA levels in alcohol-treated mice, showing a potent effect on oxidative stress alleviation. Immunohistochemical experiments indicated that K. indica showed the liver protective effect through Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. 16S rRNA gene-based profiling revealed that alcohol treatment caused the alteration in gut microbiota, while K. indica treatment could result in a significantly richer variety of microbial communities compared to the alcohol group. K. indica (ML) has a protective effect on liver injury caused by alcohol administration. The Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and gut microbiota regulation were involved in the ML-induced liver protection. All the results indicate that K. indica has a potential in the treatment of alcohol-induced liver injury.

Wang MF ，Sun T ，Chen SY ，Wang X ，Li H ，Wang JQ ... -  《Frontiers in Pharmacology》

Ceftazidime with avibactam for treating severe aerobic Gram-negative bacterial infections: technology evaluation to inform a novel subscription-style payment model.

Harnan S ，Kearns B ，Scope A ，Schmitt L ，Jankovic D ，Hamilton J ，Srivastava T ，Hill H ，Ku CC ，Ren S ，Rothery C ，Bojke L ，Sculpher M ，Woods B ... -  《-》

[Protective effect of astaxanthin on acute liver injury induced by α-amanitin in mice].

Luo YP ，Zhong JJ ，Yao QM ，Geng ZX ，Chen CG ，Yu CM ... -  《-》

Lignan-rich extract from Cinnamomum camphora leaf attenuates metabolic syndrome by modulating glycolipid metabolism and gut microbiota in T2DM mice.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious metabolic syndrome with high mortality and disability rates globally, which usually caused by unhealthy dietary patterns. Cinnamomum camphora leaf is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb used for attenuating hyperglycemia and digestive disorder, and high level of lignans has been found in C. camphora leaf. This study aimed to examine the chemical composition of lignans extracted from C. camphora leaf (LCCL), and illustrate its therapeutic effect and mechanism on T2DM and its concomitant glycolipid metabolic disorder. The components of LCCL were separated and purified by silica gel and macroporous adsorption resin, and were distinguished through LC/MS and NMR. The antioxidant activity of LCCL was determined by free radical scavenging assay in vitro; the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic abilities were evaluated by α-glucosidase, α-amylase and pancreatic lipase inhibition trials, respectively. T2DM model mice were established by high-sugar and high-fat (HSHF) feed together with streptozotocin (STZ) infection, and then grouped to assess the effect of LCCL treatment. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) and oil red O staining were employed to analyze the histopathology. qRT-PCR assay, 16S rRNA analysis, and western blot were conducted to illuminate the anti-diabetic mechanism of LCCL. 6 sesamin lignans were identifed from LCCL. The in vitro assays showed strong inhibitive abilities of LCCL with low IC50 on DPPH (33.68 ± 0.54 μg/ml),O2- (39.25 ± 0.61 μg/ml), OH• (45.72 ± 0.72 μg/ml), α-glucosidase (0.82 ± 0.14 mg/ml), α-amylase (0.86 ± 0.11 mg/ml) and pancreatic lipase (0.91 ± 0.12 mg/ml). LCCL treatment (100, 200 and 400 g kg-1mg kg-1) gradually decreased the fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting insulin (FINS), improved the glucose and insulin tolerance, down-regulated the homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) indexes, alleviated the hepatic inflammatory response and oxidative stress, promoted the glycogen storage and depleted the fat accumulation in the liver. Besides, LCCL administration alleviated the glycolipid metabolism disorder in T2DM mice with a gut microbiota dependent manner, that significantly increased biodiversity, altered the composition of gut microbiota and increased the proportion of Lactobacillus. The lignan-rich extract of C. camphor leaf (LCCL), containing at least 6 lignans compounds, displayed promising antioxidant, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities. The treatment of LCCL alleviated the glycolipid metabolism disorder in T2DM mice with a gut microbiota dependent manner. These finding suggested that LCCL should be further investigated to develop its complementary therapeutic effect on T2DM.

Huang W ，Huang GP ，Zhang LX ，da Yu E ，Yang WK ，Ye M ，Zou SQ ，Ni L ，He HQ ... -  《-》

[Mechanism of Tongfu Lifei decoction inhibiting the programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 signaling pathway in THP-1 cells by regulating microRNA-146a].

Lyu B ，Li L ，Huang R ，Zhou X ，Han L ... -  《-》