Evaluation of Wild, Wine, Table, and Raisin Grapevine (Vitis spp.) Genotypes in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia.
Grapevine is one of the major horticultural crops of the world with the cultivated area exceeding 7.5 million ha used for a myriad of products ranging through fresh table grape, preserves, juice, wine, and raisins. The main objective of this study was to introduce twenty-eight grapevine cultivars (ten wild, ten wine, four table, and four raisin grapes) into Gedeo Zone for the first time and ampelographically characterize them in Dilla and Yirgacheffe agroecological conditions in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia, from August 2018 to July 2021. Ten Vitis abyssinica wild grapevine cultivars were collected from Adama, Addis Ababa, Alamata, Arba Minch, Bahir Dar, Dire Dawa, Gondar, Hawassa, Jimma, and Jinka areas. Additional ten world class wine grapes were gathered from Ziway Castel Winery, and four table and four raisin grapes were also collected from Raya Horti Farm and Koka Vineyard at the same time. The experiment was a 2 × 28 factorial arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, and data were analyzed using the R-software. The analysis of variance revealed that the interaction of cultivar and location significantly (P < 0.001) affected grapevine plant height, leaf number, number of fruits per plant, and tendril number per vine, while grapevine trunk diameter, flower cluster, root length, and number of suckers per vines were not significantly (P > 0.05) influenced by the interaction of the two factors. Generally, the wine grapevine cultivars had lower canopy such as plant height, leaf number, number of tendrils, and suckering vines while these registered a higher number of fruits per plant, trunk diameter, flower cluster, and root length compared to the wild grapevine cultivars. The results of the present study suggested that Syrah, Chenin Blanc, and Grenache can produce high grapevine berry yield and wine quality in Gedeo Zone agroecology particularly in Dilla location. The wild grapevines collected from Dire Dawa, Arba Minch, Jinka, and Alamata were the potential candidates for the world class wine, raisin, and table grapevines which could open new frontiers in the future for Ethiopian native Vitis abyssinica wild grapevine breeding and genetic engineering that will help to move the national and international viticulture and enology industry forward. As the Ethiopian native grapevines are at the risk of total extinction, adequate conservation strategies are required. Breeding, detailed identification, and introducing the potential grapes in different regions of the country are needed. This finding represents a step forward in efforts to understand hybridization of Vitis abyssinica grapevine with Vitis vinifera and other new world Vitis species.
Berhe DT
，Belew D
《SCIENTIFIC WORLD JOURNAL》
ABA and GA(3) regulate the synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites related to alleviation from biotic and abiotic stresses in grapevine.
Plants are able to synthesize a large number of organic compounds. Among them, primary metabolites are known to participate in plant growth and development, whereas secondary metabolites are mostly involved in defense and other facultative processes. In grapevine, one of the major fruit crops in the world, secondary metabolites, mainly polyphenols, are of great interest for the wine industry. Even though there is an extensive literature on the content and profile of those compounds in berries, scarce or no information is available regarding polyphenols in other organs. In addition, little is known about the effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs), ABA and GA3 (extensively used in table grapes) on the synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites in wine grapes. In table grapes, cultural practices include the use of GA3 sprays shortly before veraison, to increase berry and bunch size, and sugar content in fruits. Meanwhile, ABA applications to the berries on pre-veraison improve the skin coloring and sugar accumulation, anticipating the onset of veraison. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to assess and characterize primary and secondary metabolites in leaves, berries and roots of grapevine plants cv. Malbec at veraison, and changes in compositions after ABA and GA3 aerial sprayings. Metabolic profiling was conducted using GC-MS, GC-FID and HPLC-MWD. A large set of metabolites was identified: sugars, alditols, organic acids, amino acids, polyphenols (flavonoids and non-flavonoids) and terpenes (mono-, sesqui-, di- and triterpenes). The obtained results showed that ABA applications elicited synthesis of mono- and sesquiterpenes in all assessed tissues, as well as L-proline, acidic amino acids and anthocyanins in leaves. Additionally, applications with GA3 elicited synthesis of L-proline in berries, and mono- and sesquiterpenes in all the tissues. However, treatment with GA3 seemed to block polyphenol synthesis, mainly in berries. In conclusion, ABA and GA3 applications to grapevine plants cv. Malbec influenced the synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites known to be essential for coping with biotic and abiotic stresses.
Murcia G
，Fontana A
，Pontin M
，Baraldi R
，Bertazza G
，Piccoli PN
... -
《-》
The impact of grapevine red blotch disease on Vitis vinifera L. Chardonnay grape and wine composition and sensory attributes over three seasons.
Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) is a recently discovered DNA virus, which was demonstrated to be responsible for grapevine red blotch disease (GRBD). Its presence has been confirmed in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and South Korea in white and red Vitis vinifera cultivars, including Chardonnay. It has been shown that the three-cornered alfalfa treehopper (Spissistilus festinus) was able to both acquire the GRBV from a grapevine infected and transmit it to healthy grapevines in glasshouse conditions. Studies found that GRBD impacts fruit price, grapevine physiology, and grape berry composition and metabolism in red cultivars. This study evaluated the impact of GRBD on V. vinifera L. Chardonnay grape and wine composition and sensory properties from one vineyard during the 2014, 2015 and 2016 seasons.
Grapes from symptomatic red blotch diseased grapevines were lower in total soluble solids, flavan-3-ol, and total phenolic content, and higher in flavonol content when compared to grapes from healthy grapevines. Wines made with grapes from symptomatic grapevines resulted mostly in lower ethanol content and higher pH when compared to wines made from healthy grapevines. Analysis of volatile compounds and descriptive analysis demonstrated that GRBD can impact wine style by altering aroma, flavor, and mouthfeel attributes.
The impacts of GRBD on grape composition directly influenced wine chemistry. The decreased ethanol content impacted not only the levels of volatile compounds but the sensory perception during descriptive analysis. The extent of GRBD impact on the grape composition and wine composition and sensory attributes varied between seasons. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Cauduro Girardello R
，Rich V
，Smith RJ
，Brenneman C
，Heymann H
，Oberholster A
... -
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ResearchGate
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钛学术
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