Changes in the epidemiological patterns of respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus infection among pediatric patients and their correlation with severe cases: a long-term retrospective study.

We aim to investigate the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) among pediatric patients with acute respiratory tract illness (ARTI) in southern China both pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic, as well as identify associated risk factors for severe infections. The study conducted a real-time PCR analysis on hospitalized children with ARTI from 2012 to 2023, specifically targeting RSV, hMPV, and other respiratory pathogens. Additionally, demographic data was collected during this analysis. The prevalence of RSV occurs triennially, and likewise, the temporal pattern of hMPV outbreaks mirrors that of RSV. The peak infection rates of RSV and hMPV occurred during and following the implementation of COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control measures. The incidence of RSV infection exhibited bimodal peaks in 2022, while hMPV demonstrated seasonal peaks during the spring, fall, and winter periods post-COVID-19 pandemic. After the COVID-19 outbreak, there has been an upward trend in the proportion of female patients and patients aged one year and older presenting with ARTI, RSV infections, and hMPV infections. Infant (OR = 4.767, 95%CI: [3.888-5.846], p < 0.0001), presence of co-infection (OR = 0.540, 95%CI: [0.404-0.722], p < 0.0001), and existence of comorbidities (OR = 1.582, 95%CI: [1.285-1.949], p < 0.0001) was the risk ratio for the severity of RSV infection. Children infected with hMPV under the age of 1 year (OR = 0.322, 95%CI: [0.180 - 0.575], p < 0.0001), as well as those with comorbidities (OR = 8.809, 95%CI: [4.493 - 17.272], p < 0.0001), have a higher risk of developing severe illness. The changing epidemiological patterns have the potential to lead to widespread severe outbreaks among children, particularly those with underlying medical conditions who may experience more severe symptoms. Conducting surveillance for pneumoviridae viruses in children is an imperative measure to establish a robust foundation for future epidemic prevention and treatment strategies.

Kuang L ，Xu T ，Wang C ，Xie J ，Zhang Y ，Guo M ，Liang Z ，Zhu B ... -  《Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology》

Paramyxoviruses respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, and human metapneumovirus infection in pediatric hospitalized patients and climate correlation in a subtropical region of southern China: a 7-year survey.

Liu WK ，Chen DH ，Tan WP ，Qiu SY ，Xu D ，Zhang L ，Gu SJ ，Zhou R ，Liu Q ... -  《-》

Comparing Human Metapneumovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Viral Co-Detections, Genotypes and Risk Factors for Severe Disease.

Moe N ，Krokstad S ，Stenseng IH ，Christensen A ，Skanke LH ，Risnes KR ，Nordbø SA ，Døllner H ... -  《PLoS One》

Burden of Human Metapneumovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in Asthmatic Children.

Furuta T ，Hasegawa S ，Mizutani M ，Iwai T ，Ohbuchi N ，Kawano S ，Tashiro N ，Uchida M ，Hasegawa M ，Motoyama M ，Sekino T ，Nakatsuka K ，Ichihara K ，Shirabe K ，Ohga S ... -  《-》

Acute lower respiratory tract infections by human metapneumovirus in children in Southwest China: a 2-year study.

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) has been reported to cause both upper and lower respiratory tract diseases in susceptible populations, particularly in children and the elderly. In this study, we describe a hospital-based epidemiological study of hMPV in patients presenting to a children's hospital and show the demographic and clinical characteristics associated with hMPV infection in China, retrospectively. Specimens were collected over a 2-year period from children hospitalized with acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTI) and analyzed for the presence of hMPV using real-time RT-PCR assays. The presence of hMPV was detected in 227 (25.9%) of the 878 children studied and may circulate year-round in the area, peaking during the winter-spring season. Younger children (aged less than 6 months) had the highest positive rate. Infections by hMPV showed similar epidemiology and clinical manifestations as for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and were found in high co-infections with RSV. Subgroup A2 hMPV was the most predominant genotype identified during the study period. This study indicates that hMPV is one of the major respiratory pathogens found in children in southwest China and vaccine development should be under consideration.

Chen X ，Zhang ZY ，Zhao Y ，Liu EM ，Zhao XD ... -  《-》