Cultured fecal microbial community and its impact as fecal microbiota transplantation treatment in mice gut inflammation.

The fecal microbiome is identical to the gut microbial communities and provides an easy access to the gut microbiome. Therefore, fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) strategies have been used to alter dysbiotic gut microbiomes with healthy fecal microbiota, successfully alleviating various metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the success of FMT treatment is donor-dependent and variations in gut microbes cannot be avoided. This problem may be overcome by using a cultured fecal microbiome. In this study, a human fecal microbiome was cultured using five different media; growth in brain heart infusion (BHI) media resulted in the highest microbial community cell count. The microbiome (16S rRNA) data demonstrated that the cultured microbial communities were similar to that of the original fecal sample. Therefore, the BHI-cultured fecal microbiome was selected for cultured FMT (cFMT). Furthermore, a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mice-IBD model was used to confirm the impact of cFMT. Results showed that cFMT effectively alleviated IBD-associated symptoms, including improved gut permeability, restoration of the inflamed gut epithelium, decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-17), and increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). Thus, study's findings suggest that cFMT can be a potential alternative to nFMT. KEY POINTS: • In vitro fecal microbial communities were grown in a batch culture using five different media. • Fecal microbial transplantation was performed on DSS-treated mice using cultured and normal fecal microbes. • Cultured fecal microbes effectively alleviated IBD-associated symptoms.

Singh V ，Choi SD ，Mahra K ，Son H ，Lee H ，Lee YJ ，Kim ES ，Shin JH ... -  《-》

Dynamic Colonization of Microbes and Their Functions after Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Chu ND ，Crothers JW ，Nguyen LTT ，Kearney SM ，Smith MB ，Kassam Z ，Collins C ，Xavier R ，Moses PL ，Alm EJ ... -  《mBio》

Mouse adaptation of human inflammatory bowel diseases microbiota enhances colonization efficiency and alters microbiome aggressiveness depending on the recipient colonic inflammatory environment.

Gray SM ，Moss AD ，Herzog JW ，Kashiwagi S ，Liu B ，Young JB ，Sun S ，Bhatt AP ，Fodor AA ，Balfour Sartor R ... -  《Microbiome》

Novel Gut Microbiota Patterns Involved in the Attenuation of Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Mouse Colitis Mediated by Glycerol Monolaurate via Inducing Anti-inflammatory Responses.

Mo Q ，Liu T ，Fu A ，Ruan S ，Zhong H ，Tang J ，Zhao M ，Li Y ，Zhu S ，Cai H ，Feng F ... -  《mBio》

Human Gut Microbiome Transplantation in Ileitis Prone Mice: A Tool for the Functional Characterization of the Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a lifelong digestive disease characterized by periods of severe inflammation and remission. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing a variable effect on ileitis severity from human gut microbiota isolated from IBD donors in remission and that of healthy controls in a mouse model of IBD. We conducted a series of single-donor intensive and nonintensive fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments using feces from IBD patients in remission and healthy non-IBD controls (N = 9 donors) in a mouse model of Crohn's disease (CD)-like ileitis that develops ileitis in germ-free (GF) conditions (SAMP1/YitFC; N = 96 mice). Engraftment studies demonstrated that the microbiome of IBD in remission could have variable effects on the ileum of CD-prone mice (pro-inflammatory, nonmodulatory, or anti-inflammatory), depending on the human donor. Fecal microbiota transplantation achieved a 95% ± 0.03 genus-level engraftment of human gut taxa in mice, as confirmed at the operational taxonomic unit level. In most donors, microbiome colonization abundance patterns remained consistent over 60 days. Microbiome-based metabolic predictions of GF mice with Crohn's or ileitic-mouse donor microbiota indicate that chronic amino/fatty acid (valine, leucine, isoleucine, histidine; linoleic; P < 1e-15) alterations (and not bacterial virulence markers; P > 0.37) precede severe ileitis in mice, supporting their potential use as predictors/biomarkers in human CD. The gut microbiome of IBD remission patients is not necessarily innocuous. Characterizing the inflammatory potential of each microbiota in IBD patients using mice may help identify the patients' best anti-inflammatory fecal sample for future use as an anti-inflammatory microbial autograft during disease flare-ups.

Basson AR ，Gomez-Nguyen A ，Menghini P ，Buttó LF ，Di Martino L ，Aladyshkina N ，Osme A ，LaSalla A ，Fischer D ，Ezeji JC ，Erkkila HL ，Brennan CJ ，Lam M ，Rodriguez-Palacios A ，Cominelli F ... -  《-》