Validation of the parents' version of the KINDL(R) and Kiddy Parents questionnaire in a South African context.

This study aimed to assess the usefulness of the parent version of the KINDLR and the additional items of the Kiddy Parents questionnaire in the South-African context and to validate it as an appropriate tool for measuring health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The ExAMIN Youth SA study was designed to investigate lifestyle behaviours, including psychosocial factors that may adversely impact on cardiovascular health of children. Construct validity was examined by using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, while internal consistency was tested by Cronbach's alpha. The final factor structure was confirmed by model fit indices. The study included children (n = 1088) aged between 5 and 10 years in North-West, South Africa. The reliability coefficients of the original factors could not be reproduced in this data set, with the Cronbach's alphas ranging between 0.46 and 0.78. With exploratory factor analysis, including the additional items, our data supported a 7-factor structure with acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: 0.68-0.79; Omega: 0.75-0.85) and acceptable model fit indices (CFI: 0.91; TLI: 0.90; RMSEA: 0.05; SRMR: 0.07). Two factors (emotional wellbeing and everyday functioning) further split into separate factors for positive and negative experiences related to each of these dimensions. We confirmed a new factor structure of the parent version of the KINDLR and the additional items of the Kiddy Parents questionnaire, which can be used in the African context. Although the new factor structure has great overlap with the original structure, some items did not contribute to the factors as expected. Language and cultural differences between the original German group and the current South African study group resulted in a different factor structure.

Deacon E ，Jansen van Vuren E ，Bothma E ，Volschenk C ，Kruger R ... -  《Health and Quality of Life Outcomes》

[Parent-reported Health-Related Quality of Life in Spanish pre-schoolers: Psychometric properties of the Kiddy-KINDL-R].

Although several tools have been developed to assess general HRQoL in children, parental reports are required to supplement this information, especially in very young children. The parents version of the Kiddy-KINDL-R was developed to assess HRQoL in children aged 3 to 7 years through the reports of their parents or legal guardians. The aim of this study was to validate the parents version of the Kiddy-KINDL-R questionnaire and assess its psychometric properties in a sample of Spanish preschool-aged children. Cross-sectional study in 283 parents or legal guardians of children aged 3 to 6 years that completed the Kiddy-KINDL-R questionnaire and an additional scale to assess anxiety problems. We performed confirmatory factor analysis to assess whether the original Kiddy-KINDL-R version fit the Spanish data; we assessed internal consistency by means of the ordinal alpha and the discriminant validity by means of the Preschool Anxiety Scale. Although the original six-factor model showed a good fit, we propose a model consisting of 22 items and the same 6 factors for the Spanish version. The reliability was excellent, and the internal consistency values were adequate. Our results showed significant negative correlations between the Kiddy-KINDL-R and the external anxiety measure, which was evidence of discriminant validity. We demonstrated that the Spanish version of the Kiddy-KINDL-R had good psychometric properties and that this questionnaire is an adequate assessment tool that could be useful in clinical practice.

Orgilés M ，Melero S ，Penosa P ，Espada JP ，Morales A ... -  《-》

Self-reported health-related quality of life in kindergarten children: psychometric properties of the Kiddy-KINDL.

To assess the psychometric properties of the German self-reported version of the Kiddy-KINDL that measures Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in 3 to 5 year old kindergarten children. The population of the study comprised baseline data of a longitudinal study whose main aim is to investigate self-reported health outcomes in young children (N = 317). Missing values, the distribution of data, internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha and Guttman's lambda), and reliability (split half and two weeks test-retest) were analysed. To assess discriminant validity, mean differences were tested splitting the sample regarding socio-emotional competences (VBV 3-6), age and gender. Structural validity was investigated with Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Mean HRQoL was 69.79 (SD 16.84). Overall missing values were 8.1%, overall Cronbach's alpha was 0.75 and overall Guttman's lambda was 0.77; for the whole scale Spearman-Brown test for split half reliability resulted in 0.80 and ICC for test-retest in 0.83. Discriminant validity investigation differentiated groups with high and low socio-emotional competence and those children who were 4.5 years or older, compared to the younger ones. Differences between boys and girls were also found. CFA suggested two main dimensions: physical and socio-emotional. This preliminary validation of the Kiddy-KINDL in very young children shows satisfactory psychometric properties. However, results of the Cronbach's alpha, Guttman's lambda and the CFA depicted problems, mainly in the psychological dimension. Due to these we recommend to use the Kiddy-KINDL as an instrument with only two dimensions. Further studies in general population samples are needed.

Villalonga-Olives E ，Kiese-Himmel C ，Witte C ，Almansa J ，Dusilova I ，Hacker K ，von Steinbuechel N ... -  《-》

Psychometric evaluation and wording effects on the Chinese version of the parent-proxy Kid-KINDL.

Lee CT ，Lin CY ，Tsai MC ，Strong C ，Lin YC ... -  《Health and Quality of Life Outcomes》

Transcultural adaptation to Spain of the CDPQOL questionnaire specific for coeliac children.

This study aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate the CDPQOL questionnaire, a coeliac disease (CD)-specific paediatric health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument (CDPQOL), in Spanish children with CD. The CDPQOL questionnaire has two versions for children aged 8-12 and 13-18. Translation and linguistic validation were performed following an international consensus process. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients, and convergent validity was assessed with average variance extracted (AVE). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA), when necessary, were carried out to assess the construct validity. A total of 235 children were included. In the 8-12 age group, a change in the distribution of items to a new structure of three dimensions (negative emotions, food feelings and social interaction) was required. In this new model, CFA supported the fit of the model (χ2/gl = 1.79, RMSEA = 0.077 (IC 95% 0.05-0.100), CFI = 0.969, TLI 0.960, SRMR = 0.081) and Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients were > 0.7 in all three dimensions. In the 13-18 age group, CFA showed that all fit indexes were acceptable (χ2/gl = 1.702, RMSEA = 0.102 (IC 95% 0.077-0.127), p < 0.001, CFI = 0.956, TLI = 0.947, SRMR = 0.103) and Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients were > 0.7 in all three dimensions, except for uncertainty dimension.    Conclusions: The Spanish version of the CDPQOL questionnaire is a useful instrument to assess quality of life in coeliac children whose native language was Spanish spoken in Spain, with changes in item distribution in the younger age group questionnaire. What is Known: • The first specific questionnaire for coeliac children, Dutch Coeliac Disease Questionnaire (CDDUX), which focuses on diet, was translated into Spanish and validated allowing to evaluate the HRQoL of Spanish coeliac children. • Spanish Children and parents feel the disease had no substantial negative impacts on patient HRQoL using this questionnaire, similar to that observed with other countries. What is New: • The age specific for CD children (CDPQOL) was elaborated in the USA and focuses on other aspects not evaluated by CDDUX such as emotional and social issues related to living with CD. • The CDPQOL was translated into Spanish and validated allowing it to be used to assess Spanish coeliac children's QoL.

Barrio-Torres J ，Sebastián-Viana T ，Fernández-Pérez C ，Pérez-Fernández C ，Martínez-Escribano B ，Gutierrez-Junquera C ，Román E ，Cilleruelo ML ... -  《-》