Advances in DNA nanotechnology for chronic wound management: Innovative functional nucleic acid nanostructures for overcoming key challenges.

Chronic wound management is affected by three primary challenges: bacterial infection, oxidative stress and inflammation, and impaired regenerative capacity. Conventional treatment methods typically fail to deliver optimal outcomes, thus highlighting the urgency to develop innovative materials that can address these issues and improve efficacy. Recent advances in DNA nanotechnology have garnered significant interest, particularly in the field of functional nucleic acid (FNA) nanomaterials, owing to their exceptional biocompatibility, programmability, and therapeutic potential. Among them, FNAs with unique nanostructures have garnered considerable attention. First, they inherit the biological properties of FNAs, including biocompatibility, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging capabilities, and modulation of cellular functions. Second, based on a precise design, these nanostructures exhibit superior physical properties, stability, and cellular uptake. Third, by leveraging the programmability of DNA strands, FNA nanostructures can be customized to accommodate therapeutic nucleic acids, peptides, and small-molecule drugs, thereby enabling a stable and controlled drug delivery system. These unique characteristics enable the use of FNA nanostructures to effectively address the major challenges in chronic wound management. This review focuses on various FNA nanostructures, including tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs), DNA hydrogels, DNA origami, and rolling-circle amplification (RCA) DNA assembly. Additionally, a summary of recent advancements in their design and application for chronic wound management as well as insights for future research in this field are provided.

Shi R ，Zhu Y ，Chen Y ，Lin Y ，Shi S ... -  《-》

Construction of rolling circle amplification products-based pure nucleic acid nanostructures for biomedical applications.

Nucleic acid nanomaterials with good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and programmability have important applications in biomedical field. Nucleic acid nanomaterials are usually combined with some inorganic nanomaterials to improve their biological stability. However, undefined toxic side effects of composite nanocarriers hamper their application in vivo. As a nanotool capable of avoiding potential biotoxicity, nanostructures composed entirely of DNA oligonucleotides have been rapidly developed in the field of biomedicine in recent years. Rolling circle amplification (RCA) is an isothermal enzymatic nucleic acid amplification technology for large-scale production of periodic DNA/RNA with pre-designed desirable structures and functions. RCA products with different functional parts can be customized by changing the sequence of the circular template, thereby generating complex multifunctional DNA nanostructures, such as DNA nanowire, nanoflower, origami, nanotube, nanoribbon, etc. More importantly, RCA products as nonnicked building blocks can enhance the biostability of DNA nanostructures, especially in vivo. These RCA products-based nucleic acid nanostructures can be used as scaffolds or nanocarriers to interact or load with metal nanoparticles, proteins, lipids, cationic polymers, therapeutic nucleic acids or drugs, etc. This paper reviews the assembly strategies of RCA based DNA nanostructures with different shape and their applications in biosensing, bioimaging and biomedicine. Finally, the development prospects of the nucleic acid nanomaterials in clinical diagnosis and treatment of diseases are described. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: As a nanotool capable of avoiding potential biotoxicity, nanostructures composed entirely of DNA oligonucleotides have been rapidly developed in the field of biomedicine in recent years. Rolling circle amplification (RCA) is an isothermal enzymatic nucleic acid amplification technology for large-scale production of periodic DNA/RNA with pre-designed desirable structures and functions. This paper reviews the construction of various shapes of pure nucleic acid nanomaterials based on RCA products and their applications in biosensing, bioimaging and biomedicine. This will promote the development of biocompatible DNA nanovehicles and their further application in living systems, including bioimaging, molecular detection, disease diagnosis and drug delivery, finally producing a significant impact in the field of nanotechnology and nanomedicine.

Li C ，Wang Y ，Li PF ，Fu Q ... -  《-》

Framework nucleic acids as promising reactive oxygen species scavengers for anti-inflammatory therapy.

Zhu Y ，Shi R ，Lu W ，Shi S ，Chen Y ... -  《-》

Functional Nucleic Acid Nanomaterials: Development, Properties, and Applications.

Functional nucleic acid (FNA) nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary field between nucleic acid biochemistry and nanotechnology that focuses on the study of interactions between FNAs and nanomaterials and explores the particular advantages and applications of FNA nanomaterials. With the goal of building the next-generation biomaterials that combine the advantages of FNAs and nanomaterials, the interactions between FNAs and nanomaterials as well as FNA self-assembly technologies have established themselves as hot research areas, where the target recognition, response, and self-assembly ability, combined with the plasmon properties, stability, stimuli-response, and delivery potential of various nanomaterials can give rise to a variety of novel fascinating applications. As research on the structural and functional group features of FNAs and nanomaterials rapidly develops, many laboratories have reported numerous methods to construct FNA nanomaterials. In this Review, we first introduce some widely used FNAs and nanomaterials along with their classification, structure, and application features. Then we discuss the most successful methods employing FNAs and nanomaterials as elements for creating advanced FNA nanomaterials. Finally, we review the extensive applications of FNA nanomaterials in bioimaging, biosensing, biomedicine, and other important fields, with their own advantages and drawbacks, and provide our perspective about the issues and developing trends in FNA nanotechnology.

Xu W ，He W ，Du Z ，Zhu L ，Huang K ，Lu Y ，Luo Y ... -  《-》

DNA Nanostructure as Smart Carriers for Drug Delivery.

Ouyang X ，Chao J ，Su S ，Fan C ... -  《-》