Diagnosis of bacteria from the CMNR group in farm animals.

The CMNR group comprises bacteria of the genera Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, and Rhodococcus and share cell wall and DNA content characteristics. Many pathogenic CMNR bacteria cause diseases such as mastitis, lymphadenitis, and pneumonia in farmed animals, which cause economic losses for breeders and represent a threat to public health. Traditional diagnosis in CMNR involves isolating target bacteria on general or selective media and conducting metabolic analyses with the assistance of laboratory biochemical identification systems. Advanced mass spectrometry may also support diagnosing these bacteria in the clinic's daily routine despite some challenges, such as the need for isolated bacteria. In difficult identification among some CMNR members, molecular methods using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) emerge as reliable options for correct specification that is sometimes achieved directly from clinical samples such as tracheobronchial aspirates and feces. On the other hand, immunological diagnostics such as the skin test or Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis yield promising results in subclinical infections with no bacterial growth involved. In this review, we present the methods most commonly used to diagnose pathogenic CMNR bacteria and discuss their advantages and limitations, as well as challenges and perspectives on adopting new technologies in diagnostics.

Carvalho CS ，de Aquino VMS ，Meyer R ，Seyffert N ，Castro TLP ... -  《-》

The role of corynomycolic acids in Corynebacterium-host interaction.

Burkovski A 《-》

[Characterization of bacteria of the genera Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus and Nocardia isolated from environmental objects in the Republic of Daghestan].

Nuratinov RA ，Khalimalov MM 《-》

Analysis of Corynebacterium diphtheriae macrophage interaction: Dispensability of corynomycolic acids for inhibition of phagolysosome maturation and identification of a new gene involved in synthesis of the corynomycolic acid layer.

Ott L ，Hacker E ，Kunert T ，Karrington I ，Etschel P ，Lang R ，Wiesmann V ，Wittenberg T ，Singh A ，Varela C ，Bhatt A ，Sangal V ，Burkovski A ... -  《PLoS One》

Detection of Nocardia, Streptomyces and Rhodococcus from bronchoalveolar lavage specimens of patients with HIV by Multiplex PCR Assay.

Nocardia, Streptomyces and Rhodococcus are life threatening opportunistic pathogens under immunodeficiency conditions, particularly among patients infected with HIV. Rapid and accurate detection of these infections can improve immune health quality, patient management and appropriate treatment. The aim of this study was to design a novel multiplex-PCR assay for rapid diagnosis of these three organisms directly from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens of patients infected with HIV. The genus specific primers were designed for direct-detection of Nocardia, Streptomyces and Rhodococcus in a single tube multiplex PCR. This PCR specifically amplified the target genes from pure cultures. It subsequently was applied on BAL specimens of 29 HIV positive patients that had previously been culture negative for actinomycete bacteria, of which Nocardia, Streptomyces and Rhodococcus are members. Of 29 respiratory clinical specimens, there were positive for Nocardia spp. and one was positive for Streptomyces spp using the multiplex PCR assay. The sequencing of the PCR products identified the species as Nocardia cyriacigeorgica (n=2), Nocardia farcinica and Streptomyces albus. This novel multiplex PCR assay yielded reliable results for accurate identification of Nocardia, Streptomyces and Rhodococcus from BAL while the results of bacterial culture were negative.

Rahdar HA ，Salehi MR ，Bahador A ，Jasemi S ，Karami-Zarandi M ，Nejad MH ，Shahraki-Zahedani S ，Amani J ，Feyisa SG ，Kardan-Yamchi J ，Feizabadi MM ... -  《-》