Isolation of the novel phage SAP71 and its potential use against Staphylococcus aureus in an atopic dermatitis mouse model.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is accompanied by changes in skin microbiota, in which abnormal colonization of Staphylococcus aureus is particularly common. The antibiotic treatment is prone to destroy the commensal bacterial community, further exacerbating the microbiome dysbiosis. Elimination of S. aureus through phage-targeted therapies presents a promising method in the treatment strategy of AD. In this study, we isolated a novel phage SAP71, which specifically lysed S. aureus. Genome sequencing showed that SAP71 contained no virulence, lysogenic, or antimicrobial resistance genes, making this lytic phage a potential agent for phage therapy. Moreover, we demonstrated that phage SAP71 was able to significantly improve the skin lesions, reduce the bacterial loads in the skin, and prevent the development of AD-like skin pathological changes in an AD model. In short, phage SAP71 was demonstrated to effectively treat S. aureus infection in AD, which provided a theoretical basis for the clinical phage therapy of AD.

Geng H ，Yang X ，Zou C ，Zhang W ，Xiang J ，Yang K ，Shu Y ，Luan G ，Jia X ，Lu M ... -  《-》

Staphylococcal Phage in Combination with Staphylococcus Epidermidis as a Potential Treatment for Staphylococcus Aureus-Associated Atopic Dermatitis and Suppressor of Phage-Resistant Mutants.

Shimamori Y ，Mitsunaka S ，Yamashita H ，Suzuki T ，Kitao T ，Kubori T ，Nagai H ，Takeda S ，Ando H ... -  《Viruses-Basel》

Skin dysbiosis in the microbiome in atopic dermatitis is site-specific and involves bacteria, fungus and virus.

Microbial dysbiosis with increased Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) colonization on the skin is a hallmark of atopic dermatitis (AD), however most microbiome studies focus on bacteria in the flexures and the microbial composition at other body sites have not been studied systematically. The aim of the study is to characterize the skin microbiome, including bacteria, fungi and virus, at different body sites in relation to AD, lesional state, and S. aureus colonization, and to test whether the nares could be a reservoir for S. aureus strain colonization. Using shotgun metagenomics we characterized microbial compositions from 14 well defined skin sites from 10 patients with AD and 5 healthy controls. We found clear differences in microbial composition between AD and controls at multiple skin sites, most pronounced on the flexures and neck. The flexures exhibited lower alpha-diversity and were colonized by S. aureus, accompanied by S. epidermidis in lesions. Malassezia species were absent on the neck in AD. Virus mostly constituted Propionibacterium and Staphylococcus phages, with increased abundance of Propionibacterium phages PHL041 and PHL092 and Staphylococcus epidermidis phages CNPH82 and PH15 in AD. In lesional samples, both the genus Staphylococcus and Staphylococcus phages were more abundant. S. aureus abundance was higher across all skin sites except from the feet. In samples where S. aureus was highly abundant, lower abundances of S. hominis and Cutibacterium acnes were observed. M. osloensis and M. luteus were more abundant in AD. By single nucleotide variant analysis of S. aureus we found strains to be subject specific. On skin sites some S. aureus strains were similar and some dissimilar to the ones in the nares. Our data indicate a global and site-specific dysbiosis in AD, involving both bacteria, fungus and virus. When defining targeted treatment clinicians should both consider the individual and skin site and future research into potential crosstalk between microbiota in AD yields high potential.

Bjerre RD ，Holm JB ，Palleja A ，Sølberg J ，Skov L ，Johansen JD ... -  《BMC MICROBIOLOGY》

Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Phage SaGU1 that Infects Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates from Patients with Atopic Dermatitis.

Shimamori Y ，Pramono AK ，Kitao T ，Suzuki T ，Aizawa SI ，Kubori T ，Nagai H ，Takeda S ，Ando H ... -  《-》

Characterization and complete genome sequence analysis of a novel virulent Siphoviridae phage against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis in Xinjiang, China.

Zhang Q ，Xing S ，Sun Q ，Pei G ，Cheng S ，Liu Y ，An X ，Zhang X ，Qu Y ，Tong Y ... -  《-》