The role of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the process of spermatogenesis.

The ubiquitination is crucial for controlling cellular homeostasis and protein modification, in which ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) acts as the central player in the ubiquitination system. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, which have special domains that catalyse substrates, have sequence discrepancies and modulate various pathophysiological processes in different cells of multiple organisms. E2s take part in the mitosis of primordial germ cells, meiosis of spermatocytes and the formation of mature haploid spermatids to maintain normal male fertility. In this review, we summarize the various types of E2s and their functions during distinct stages of spermatogenesis.

Lv P ，Liu J ，Liu X 《Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology》

The family of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s): deciding between life and death of proteins.

van Wijk SJ ，Timmers HT 《-》

RING-type E3 ligases: master manipulators of E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and ubiquitination.

RING finger domain and RING finger-like ubiquitin ligases (E3s), such as U-box proteins, constitute the vast majority of known E3s. RING-type E3s function together with ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) to mediate ubiquitination and are implicated in numerous cellular processes. In part because of their importance in human physiology and disease, these proteins and their cellular functions represent an intense area of study. Here we review recent advances in RING-type E3 recognition of substrates, their cellular regulation, and their varied architecture. Additionally, recent structural insights into RING-type E3 function, with a focus on important interactions with E2s and ubiquitin, are reviewed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Ubiquitin-Proteasome System. Guest Editors: Thomas Sommer and Dieter H. Wolf.

Metzger MB ，Pruneda JN ，Klevit RE ，Weissman AM ... -  《-》

Function of RAD6B and RNF8 in spermatogenesis.

Guo Y ，Song Y ，Guo Z ，Hu M ，Liu B ，Duan H ，Wang L ，Yuan T ，Wang D ... -  《-》

UBR2 mediates transcriptional silencing during spermatogenesis via histone ubiquitination.

An JY ，Kim EA ，Jiang Y ，Zakrzewska A ，Kim DE ，Lee MJ ，Mook-Jung I ，Zhang Y ，Kwon YT ... -  《-》