Global status of antimicrobial resistance in clinical Enterococcus faecalis isolates: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Due to the increasing emergence of antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), it indicated as potentially opportunistic pathogen causing various healthcare-associated and life-threatening diseases around the world. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the weighted pooled resistance rates in clinical E. faecalis isolates based on over time, areas, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), and infection source. We searched the studies in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (November 30, 2022). All statistical analyses were carried out using the statistical package R. The analysis encompassed a total of 74 studies conducted in 28 countries. According to the meta-regression, the chloramphenicol, fosfomycin, imipenem, linezolid, minocycline, norfloxacin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, and tetracycline resistance rate increased over time. Analysis revealed statistically significant differences in antibiotic resistance rates for ampicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, penicillin, rifampicin, teicoplanin, tetracycline, and vancomycin across various countries. Globally, the prevalence of drug resistant E. faecalis strains are on the increase over time. Daptomycin and tigecycline can be an effective agent for the treatment of clinical E. faecalis infections. Considering the low prevalence of antibiotic resistance in continents of Europe and Australia, it is suggested to take advantage of their preventive strategies in order to obtain efficient results in other places with high prevalence of resistance.

Guan L ，Beig M ，Wang L ，Navidifar T ，Moradi S ，Motallebi Tabaei F ，Teymouri Z ，Abedi Moghadam M ，Sedighi M ... -  《Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials》

Antimicrobial susceptibility of enterococci recovered from healthy cattle, pigs and chickens in nine EU countries (EASSA Study) to critically important antibiotics.

The European Antimicrobial Susceptibility Surveillance in Animals (EASSA) program collects zoonotic and commensal bacteria from food-producing animals at slaughter and tracks their susceptibility to medically important antibiotics. Results of commensal enterococci species (2013-2014) are presented here. Intestinal content from cattle, pigs and chickens were randomly sampled (5-6 countries/host; ≥4 abattoirs/country; 1 sample/animal/farm) for isolation of enterococci, MICs of 9 antibiotics were assessed by CLSI agar dilution in a central laboratory. Clinical breakpoints (CLSI) and epidemiological cut-off values (EUCAST) were applied for data interpretation. In total 960 Enterococcus faecium and 779 Enterococcus faecalis strains were recovered. Seven porcine E. faecium/faecalis strains of Spanish origin were resistant to linezolid. One avian E. faecalis and one porcine E. faecium strain were non-wild type (MICs 8 mg/L) to daptomycin. Clinical vancomycin resistance was absent; 2 poultry E. faecium and 1 bovine E. faecalis strains were non-wild type, all with MICs of 8 mg/L. None of the strains tested were clinically resistant to tigecycline. Little clinical resistance to ampicillin or gentamicin was observed. Clinical resistance of E. faecium to quinupristin/dalfopristin was slightly higher (2.2-12.0%) but 61.9-83.2% of the strains were classified as non-wild type. Very high percentages resistance to tetracycline (67.4-78.3%) and to erythromycin (27.1-57.0%) were noted for both E. faecium and E. faecalis in pigs and chickens compared to cattle (5.2-30.4 and 9.0-10.4%, respectively). Similar non-wild type results were observed for E. hirae (n = 557), E. durans (n = 218) and E. casseliflavus (n = 55) including percentage non-wild type for daptomycin, linezolid, tigecycline being absent and for vancomycin low. For these species percentage non-wild type to erythromycin was lower as compared to E. faecalis/faecium. This pan-EU survey shows high variability in antibiotic susceptibility of commensal enterococci from healthy food animals. Clinical resistance to critically important antibiotics for human medicine was absent or low, except for erythromycin.

de Jong A ，Simjee S ，Garch FE ，Moyaert H ，Rose M ，Youala M ，Dry M ，EASSA Study Group ... -  《-》

Antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular analysis of Enterococcus faecalis originating from endodontic infections in Finland and Lithuania.

Reynaud Af Geijersstam AH ，Ellington MJ ，Warner M ，Woodford N ，Haapasalo M ... -  《oral microbiology and immunology》

Antimicrobial activity of mupirocin, daptomycin, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin and tigecycline against vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) from clinical isolates in Korea (1998 and 2005).

Lee DK ，Kim Y ，Park KS ，Yang JW ，Kim K ，Ha NJ ... -  《journal of biochemistry and molecular biology》

Genomic analysis of multidrug-resistant clinical Enterococcus faecalis isolates for antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors from the western region of Saudi Arabia.

Farman M ，Yasir M ，Al-Hindi RR ，Farraj SA ，Jiman-Fatani AA ，Alawi M ，Azhar EI ... -  《Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control》