Immunomodulation aspects of gut microbiome-related interventional strategies in colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common cancer worldwide, develops mainly due to the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes over many years. Substantial evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays a significant role in the initiation, progression, and control of CRC, depending on the balance between beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms. Nonetheless, gut microbiota composition by regulating the host immune response may either promote or inhibit CRC. Thus, modification of gut microbiota potentially impacts clinical outcomes of immunotherapy. Previous studies have indicated that therapeutic strategies such as probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics enhance the intestinal immune system and improve the efficacy of immunotherapeutic agents, potentially serving as a complementary strategy in cancer immunotherapy. This review discusses the role of the gut microbiota in the onset and development of CRC in relation to the immune response. Additionally, we focus on the effect of strategies manipulating gut microbiome on the immune response and efficacy of immunotherapy against CRC. We demonstrate that manipulation of gut microbiome can enhance immune response and outcomes of immunotherapy through downregulating Treg cells and other immunosuppressive cells while improving the function of T cells within the tumor; however, further research, especially clinical trials, are needed to evaluate its efficacy in cancer treatment.

Cheraghpour M ，Fatemi N ，Shadnoush M ，Talebi G ，Tierling S ，Bermúdez-Humarán LG ... -  《-》

Gut microbiome as a treatment in colorectal cancer.

Khan M ，Shah S ，Shah W ，Khan I ，Ali H ，Ali I ，Ullah R ，Wang X ，Mehmood A ，Wang Y ... -  《-》

Role of diet and gut microbiota on colorectal cancer immunomodulation.

De Almeida CV ，de Camargo MR ，Russo E ，Amedei A ... -  《-》

Gut microbiota modulation: a novel strategy for prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.

Fong W ，Li Q ，Yu J 《-》

Intervention on gut microbiota may change the strategy for management of colorectal cancer.

Dysbiosis in the gut microbiota composition due to environmental or genetic variations can disrupt the immune system and may promote several diseases such as colorectal cancer (CRC). Gut microbiota can alter the toxicity and efficiency of an extensive range of CRC treatment methods, especially surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. The recent scientific evidence suggested that gut microbiota modulation exhibits an essential positive influence on inhibition and treatment of CRC. The literature survey revealed that modulating the gut microbiota composition by probiotics, prebiotics, and diets protects CRC patients from treatment-associated adverse effects. This review summarizes the recent advancements in the association between interventions on gut microbiota and CRC to provide innovative strategies for enhancing the safety and efficiency of CRC therapy.

Taghinezhad-S S ，Mohseni AH ，Fu X 《-》