Ultraviolet radiation protection factors of livestock shade cloths for free-range pigs.

Protection from solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is paramount in light-skinned pig breeds such as Yorkshire or Landrace to avoid sunburn. Determination of the UVR exposure of a pig and the sun protection abilities of shade cloths with different shade rates. Life-sized plastic model of a Landrace pig. The model was equipped with 20 UVR meters at various anatomical positions that recorded the erythemal effective solar irradiance. A turntable enabled irradiation from different directions. Solar irradiance was measured in direct sunlight as well as under three shade cloths with different shade rates (50%, 75% and 90%) and a camouflage net. The sun protection factors (SPF) were determined as the ratio of unshaded-to-shaded measurements at the same solar elevation. The exposure ratio to ambient (ERTA) was calculated for each body site with respect to ambient irradiance. It allows determination of when pigs are at risk of sunburn and protection is needed. The calculated ERTA values show that some body parts may receive higher values than ambient UVR. Measurements showed that the SPF of shade cloths depends on textile denseness. Selected shade cloths reached values of 3.5 (shade rate 50%), 4.2 (75%) and 5.8 (90%). Protection by the camouflage net was poor. The highest SPF was gained on body sides where ERTA was highest. Shade cloths can protect all body sites effectively and vulnerable sites in particular. The results of our study enable an estimation of when pigs are at risk of sunburn and provide quantitative metrics for sun protection. This allows effective prevention of UVR-caused skin damage and secondary disorders.

Schmalwieser AW ，Bigelbach L ，Helletzgruber S ，Danhel H ，Heydenreich J ... -  《-》

Sun exposure, sun protection and sunburn among Canadian adults.

Pinault L ，Fioletov V 《-》

Ambient ultraviolet radiation levels in public shade settings.

Moise AF ，Aynsley R 《INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY》

Ultraviolet sun exposure and sun protection behaviors in outdoor rock climbers.

Overexposure to sunlight and sunburn are the main preventable causes of skin cancer. Outdoor sports are associated with significant levels of sunlight exposure. We sought to quantify the sun radiation exposure received by outdoor rock climbers and assess their sun exposure habits, sun protection behaviors, attitudes, and knowledge regarding skin cancer. From April to June 2021, outdoor rock climbers contacted via email completed an online validated self-reported questionnaire on sun related habits, behaviors, attitudes and knowledge. As a pilot trial, ten participants wore a personal dosimeter during two outdoor climbing weekends in May and November 2021. Ambient ultraviolet radiation (UVR) was also recorded. A total of 217 outdoor rock climbers (103 women), mean age 36.8 ± 8.8 years (range 20-70 years) and median climbing practice per week of 8 h (IQR 7.5) were studied. Two in three (65.9%) participants reported at least one sunburn event during the previous rock climbing season. Of the survey respondents, 49.3% reported using sunscreen with SPF ≥ 15, 47% wore sunglasses, and 14.3% indicated they reapplied sunscreen every two hours. The median personal UVR dose measured during the two outdoor climbing weekends analyzed was 5.2 (IQR 1.8) and 8.8 (IQR 1.1) standard erythemal doses, respectively. The high rates of sunburn, the elevated personal UVR measured and the clearly insufficient sun protection practices followed during rock climbing together with unsatisfactory attitudes towards tanning reveal the need to develop explicit sun protection campaigns and educational strategies to reduce the risk of skin cancer among the athletes studied.

Gutiérrez-Manzanedo JV ，González-Montesinos JL ，Aguilera-Arjona J ，Rodríguez-Martínez A ，Vaz-Pardal C ，España-Romero V ，Rivas-Ruiz F ，Blázquez-Sánchez N ，De Gálvez-Aranda MV ，De Troya-Martín M ... -  《-》

The shady side of solar protection.

Parsons PG ，Neale R ，Wolski P ，Green A ... -  《MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA》