Caring through crisis: The professional quality of pediatric nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study described pediatric nurses' professional quality of life during COVID-19 and explored demographic/clinical practice factors independently associated with compassion satisfaction (CS), burnout (BO), and secondary traumatic stress (STS). The Relational Caring Complexity Theory was used. This study employed a cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational design to describe professional quality of life of pediatric nurses (demographic questionnaire and ProQOL 5 measure) working during the COVID-19 pandemic. From 150 pediatric nurses, the mean scores were CS 40.8 (± 4.8), BO 22.6 (± 4.7), and STS 22.8 (± 5.8). Results of the multiple regression revealed that two variables, deployed to the same unit versus not deployed (β = 2.424, p = .02) and currently practicing in perioperative/ambulation settings versus intensive care (β = -0.272, p = .03), were independently associated with CS. Deployed to the same unit versus not deployed was found to be independently and significantly associated with BO (β = -0.28, p = .005). The number of patients cared for with COVID-19 (β = 0.196, p = .03) was significantly associated with STS. While the overall response was positive, these nurses were more likely to experience BO when deployed to the same area (likely a COVID-19 adult unit) and STS as they cared for more patients with COVID-19. Leaders should be aware of the impact of caring in times of crisis. Decentralized staffing may help meet emergent needs on a particular shift, but ensuring deployed nurses are well-supported is vital.

Roney LN ，Rankin G ，Robertson B ，Budd T ，Zaino K ，Sylvestre V ，Brown J ，Parkosewich J ... -  《-》

Compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction in pediatric and neonatal care nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden.

Quality of care and the mental and physical health of nurses are interlinked. The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed an extremely high burden on health care. This study aimed to: 1) describe professional quality of life of registered nurses (RN) working in the pediatric and neonatal care units during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden, 2) compare professional quality of life between RNs with and without a Master's degree in specialist nursing pediatric care (MSc), and 3) compare differences in professional quality of life associated with the nursing experience (years). This study adopted a cross-sectional survey design. The PROQoL®-5-questionnaire was administered as a web survey to 160 RNs at four pediatric wards and two neonatal units of two hospitals in Sweden. Seventy-one RNs responded to the survey. Overall, they reported a sufficient professional quality of life. RNs with an MSc suffered significantly lower secondary traumatic stress levels. Experienced RNs reported significantly higher compassion satisfaction and lower occupational burnout. Higher education and longer experience are beneficial for nurses' professional quality of life when working in pediatric care units. Results from this study highlights the importance of offering RN education in pediatric care at master level and supporting novice nurses, to prevent negative professional well-being outcomes in pediatric care, because the health of nurses is of utterly importance when crisis such as a pandemic hits the world. The findings also suggest that the conditions for professional quality of life could improve through activities such as self-care, time for reflection, better working hours, competence-adjusted salary, and educational opportunities.

Blixt C ，Johansson E ，Forsner M ，Angelhoff C ... -  《-》

Compassion fatigue and COVID-19: A global view from nurses.

Due to the rapid spread of COVID-19 variants, the number of people hospitalized for COVID-19 may create psychological burdens on nurses. Nurses with high levels of compassion fatigue (CF) are more likely to make work errors, deliver poor-quality care, and have greater intent to leave their position. This study utilized the social-ecological model to examine factors associated with nurses' CF and compassion satisfaction (CS) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected from the United States, Japan, and South Korea from July to December 2020. The Professional Quality of Life Scale was used to measure burnout (BO), secondary traumatic stress (STS), and CS. Data from 662 responses were used in the analysis. Mean scores were 25.04 (±6.44) for BO, 24.81 (±6.43) for STS, and 37.85 (±7.67) for CS. Multiple regression analyses indicated that resilience and intention to leave nursing were related to each study outcome (i.e., BO, STS, and CS). Greater resilience predicted lower BO and STS but greater CS, whereas intention to leave nursing indicated greater BO and STS, but lower CS. Furthermore, intrapersonal factors and organizational factors (i.e., nurses involved in developing policies to prepare for COVID-19 patients, organizational support, and personal protective equipment [PPE] provisions) were related to BO, STS, and CS. To promote nurses' psychological well-being, improvement of organizational factors such as support, PPE, and programs to enhance resilience is recommended to prepare for future emerging infectious disease crises.

Jo S ，Kurt Ş ，Mayer K ，Pituch KA ，Simpson V ，Skibiski J ，Takagi E ，Reifsnider E ... -  《-》

Professional quality of life in nurses on the frontline against COVID-19.

This study aimed to investigate professional quality of life (ProQOL) in nurses who were fighting against COVID-19 in Wuhan and its related factors. COVID-19 epidemic is a major threat to public health. Frontline nurses have engaged in infection prevention and control, isolation, containment and public health. However, available data on ProQOL in these nurses are limited. From 15 to 21 March 2020, the Chinese version of ProQOL was utilized to survey a total of 102 nurses through an electronic questionnaire. The stepwise regression analysis was performed to determine which factors (e.g. demographic and work-related factors) were related to ProQOL. The scores of compassion satisfaction (CS), burnout (BO) and secondary traumatic stress (STS) were 38.09 ± 5.22, 21.77 ± 4.92 and 20.75 ± 6.27, respectively. The STS and CS scores were higher than the critical value. None of the nurses reported a low level of CS or a high level of BO and STS. Nurses' ProQOL was related to working hours, workload, job satisfaction and salary satisfaction. Nurses who were fighting against COVID-19 had better CS and BO, whereas STS was relatively worse. Nurses who worked for long hours had more severe STS. BO of nurses with heavy workload and dissatisfaction with their salary was more severe. Nurses who were unsatisfied with their job had poor CS. It is believed that these results may help nurse managers to improve ProQOL of nurses who were fighting against COVID-19 by minimizing working hours, reducing workload and improving job satisfaction and rewards.

Niu A ，Li P ，Duan P ，Ding L ，Xu S ，Yang Y ，Guan X ，Shen M ，Jiang Y ，Luo Y ... -  《-》

Cross-Sectional Analysis of Burnout, Secondary Traumatic Stress, and Compassion Satisfaction Among Emergency Nurses in Southern California Working Through the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The purpose of this study was to assess burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction scores in emergency nurses after working through the COVID-19 pandemic using the Professional Quality of Life Scale version 5 and compare those scores with similar studies conducted before the pandemic. A cross-sectional analysis of a descriptive survey including the Professional Quality of Life Scale version 5 questionnaire was sent to nurses working in the emergency department before 2021 from urban, adult, and pediatric receiving hospitals in Southern California. Results were analyzed to provide insight into the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the levels of burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction compared with prepandemic studies found in the literature using the same Professional Quality of Life Scale version 5 instrument. Mean subcategory scores were in the moderate range for burnout (25.6), secondary traumatic stress (24.5), and compassion satisfaction (38.7). Burnout scores for midshift nurses were found to be significantly higher than day shift nurses (mean difference 5, P = .02) as were secondary traumatic stress scores (mean difference 4.6, P = .007). In addition, compassion satisfaction subcategory scores in nurses with 1 child living at home were significantly higher than those with 2 (mean difference 6.7, P = .02). The unnormalized mean findings were similar to prepandemic studies conducted using the same Professional Quality of Life Scale version 5 instrument indicating nurses are at risk of compassion fatigue. In addition, the scores from midshift nurses reflect increased burnout and secondary traumatic stress whereas nurses with 2 children had lower compassion satisfaction. This implies the need for leadership to proactively seek interventions to support nurses on each shift.

Lopez J ，Bindler RJ ，Lee J 《-》