Expanding access to postpartum contraception.

Women are particularly vulnerable to unintended pregnancy in the 12 months following a birth. Improving access to postpartum contraception within maternity settings can prevent unintended and closely spaced births, improving the health of mother and child. This review will summarize the recent research in postpartum contraception (PPC), building on existing knowledge and developments in this field. Current models of postpartum contraceptive provision may not adequately meet women's needs. The COVID-19 pandemic led to changes in postpartum contraceptive provision, with an increasing emphasis placed on maternity services. Antenatal contraceptive discussion is associated with increased postpartum contraceptive planning and uptake of methods after birth. Digital health interventions may be a useful tool to support information about contraception. The most effective long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods, such as the intrauterine device (IUD) and implant, can be challenging to provide in the maternity setting because of availability of trained providers. Postpartum IUD insertion remains relatively under-utilized, despite evidence supporting its safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness. Antenatal information needs to be partnered with access to the full range of methods immediately after birth to reduce barriers to PPC uptake. Training and education of maternity providers is central to successful implementation of PPC services.

Cooper M ，Black K ，Cameron S 《-》

Postpartum contraception provision across Europe: preliminary findings from a multi country survey.

Cooper M ，Gemzell-Danielsson K ，Kopp-Kallner H ，Heikinheimo O ，Cameron S ... -  《-》

Canadian Contraception Consensus (Part 1 of 4).

Black A ，Guilbert E ，Co-Authors ，Costescu D ，Dunn S ，Fisher W ，Kives S ，Mirosh M ，Norman WV ，Pymar H ，Reid R ，Roy G ，Varto H ，Waddington A ，Wagner MS ，Whelan AM ，Special Contributors ，Ferguson C ，Fortin C ，Kielly M ，Mansouri S ，Todd N ，Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada ... -  《-》

Canadian Contraception Consensus (Part 2 of 4).

Black A ，Guilbert E ，Co-Authors ，Costescu D ，Dunn S ，Fisher W ，Kives S ，Mirosh M ，Norman WV ，Pymar H ，Reid R ，Roy G ，Varto H ，Waddington A ，Wagner MS ，Whelan AM ，Special Contributors ，Ferguson C ，Fortin C ，Kielly M ，Mansouri S ，Todd N ... -  《-》

Factors associated with postpartum use of long-acting reversible contraception.

Contraception use among postpartum women is important to prevent unintended pregnancies and optimize birth spacing. Long-acting reversible contraception, including intrauterine devices and implants, is highly effective, yet compared to less effective methods utilization rates are low. We sought to estimate prevalence of long-acting reversible contraception use among postpartum women and examine factors associated with long-acting reversible contraception use among those using any reversible contraception. We analyzed 2012-2015 data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, a population-based survey among women with recent live births. We included data from 37 sites that achieved the minimum overall response rate threshold for data release. We estimated the prevalence of long-acting reversible contraception use in our sample (n = 143,335). We examined maternal factors associated with long-acting reversible contraception use among women using reversible contraception (n = 97,013) using multivariable logistic regression (long-acting reversible contraception vs other type of reversible contraception) and multinomial regression (long-acting reversible contraception vs other hormonal contraception and long-acting reversible contraception vs other nonhormonal contraception). The prevalence of long-acting reversible contraception use overall was 15.3%. Among postpartum women using reversible contraception, 22.5% reported long-acting reversible contraception use, which varied by site, ranging from 11.2% in New Jersey to 37.6% in Alaska. Factors associated with postpartum long-acting reversible contraception use vs use of another reversible contraceptive method included age ≤24 years (adjusted odds ratio = 1.43; 95% confidence interval = 1.33-1.54) and ≥35 years (adjusted odds ratio = 0.87; 95% confidence interval = 0.80-0.96) vs 25-34 years; public insurance (adjusted odds ratio = 1.15; 95% confidence interval = 1.08-1.24) and no insurance (adjusted odds ratio = 0.73; 95% confidence interval = 0.55-0.96) vs private insurance at delivery; having a recent unintended pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio = 1.44; 95% confidence interval = 1.34-1.54) or being unsure about the recent pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio = 1.29; 95% confidence interval = 1.18-1.40) vs recent pregnancy intended; having ≥1 previous live birth (adjusted odds ratio = 1.40; 95% confidence interval = 1.31-1.48); and having a postpartum check-up after recent live birth (adjusted odds ratio = 2.70; 95% confidence interval = 2.35-3.11). Hispanic and non-Hispanic black postpartum women had a higher rate of long-acting reversible contraception use (26.6% and 23.4%, respectively) compared to non-Hispanic white women (21.5%), and there was significant race/ethnicity interaction with educational level. Nearly 1 in 6 (15.3%) postpartum women with a recent live birth and nearly 1 in 4 (22.5%) postpartum women using reversible contraception reported long-acting reversible contraception use. Our analysis suggests that factors such as age, race/ethnicity, education, insurance, parity, intendedness of recent pregnancy, and postpartum visit attendance may be associated with postpartum long-acting reversible contraception use. Ensuring all postpartum women have access to the full range of contraceptive methods, including long-acting reversible contraception, is important to prevent unintended pregnancy and optimize birth spacing. Contraceptive access may be improved by public health efforts and programs that address barriers in the postpartum period, including increasing awareness of the availability, effectiveness, and safety of long-acting reversible contraception (and other methods), as well as providing full reimbursement for contraceptive services and removal of administrative and logistical barriers.

Oduyebo T ，Zapata LB ，Boutot ME ，Tepper NK ，Curtis KM ，D'Angelo DV ，Marchbanks PA ，Whiteman MK ... -  《-》