Half of most frequently mutated genes in breast cancer are expressed differentially between premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer patients.

Breast cancer has distinct causes and molecular characteristics at premenopausal and postmenopausal ages. The age-standardized incidence rate for postmenopausal breast cancer is more than 10 times higher than in premenopausal breast cancer. Here, we showed that the expression of 10 out of 20 most frequently mutated genes in breast cancer (namely, PIK3CA, CDH1, MUC16, PTEN, FAT3, FAT1, SPEN, ARID1A, LRP1B and RUNX1) is higher in premenopausal women with breast cancer than in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. The most significant differences in the expression in terms of menopause status were observed for RUNX1 and FAT1. Furthermore, we found that the majority of these 10 genes also show ER (estrogen receptor) or PR (progesterone receptor) status-dependent expression in both premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Unlike what we observed in the case of ER or PR status, the expression of most of these genes does not change depending on HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) status in both premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Combined, our analysis suggests that menopause status might influence the expression of most frequently mutated genes in breast cancer, and that the most of these genes whose expression differ between pre- and post-menopausal women with breast cancer also show ER or PR status-dependent expression in women with breast cancer.

Berkel C ，Cacan E 《Cancer Genetics》

Differential expression of progesterone receptor, FOXA1, GATA3, and p53 between pre- and postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.

Hosoda M ，Yamamoto M ，Nakano K ，Hatanaka KC ，Takakuwa E ，Hatanaka Y ，Matsuno Y ，Yamashita H ... -  《-》

Molecular breast cancer subtypes in premenopausal and postmenopausal African-American women: age-specific prevalence and survival.

Ihemelandu CU ，Leffall LD Jr ，Dewitty RL ，Naab TJ ，Mezghebe HM ，Makambi KH ，Adams-Campbell L ，Frederick WA ... -  《JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH》

Recreational physical activity and breast cancer risk by menopausal status and tumor hormone receptor status: results from the Nurses' Health Studies.

Physical activity is associated with lower breast cancer risk, especially in postmenopausal women. Associations in premenopausal women are less well established. We evaluated recreational physical activity and breast cancer risk in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII (187,278 women; n = 12,785 breast cancers; follow-up: NHS = 1986-2016, NHSII = 1989-2017) by menopausal status and estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptor status. Physical activity was evaluated as updated cumulative average of metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-h/week. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate multivariable hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Recreational physical activity was inversely associated with breast cancer risk in pre- and postmenopausal women. Higher activity levels were associated with lower risk of ER+/PR + breast cancer in both pre- and postmenopausal women (e.g., total recreational activity, ≥ 27 vs < 3 MET-h/week, premenopausal HR = 0.83, 95%CI = (0.70-0.99), postmenopausal HR = 0.86 (0.78-0.95); pheterogeneity = 0.97). Results were attenuated with adjustment for current body mass index (BMI) among postmenopausal, but not premenopausal, women (e.g., ≥ 27 vs < 3 MET-h/week, premenopausal HR = 0.83 (0.69-0.98); postmenopausal HR = 0.95 (0.85-1.05); pheterogeneity = 0.99). In analyses of moderate-vigorous activity and breast cancer risk, no heterogeneity by menopausal status was observed (phet ≥ 0.53; e.g., ≥ 27 vs < 3 MET-h/week, ER+/PR+, premenopausal HR = 0.88 (0.69-1.11); postmenopausal HR = 0.71 (0.58-0.88). No associations were observed for ER-/PR- disease. Recreational physical activity was associated with lower breast cancer risk in both pre- and postmenopausal women, supporting recreational physical activity as an accessible, modifiable exposure associated with reduced breast cancer risk regardless of menopausal status.

Fortner RT ，Brantley KD ，Tworoger SS ，Tamimi RM ，Rosner B ，Holmes MD ，Willett WC ，Eliassen AH ... -  《-》

Expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in human ductal invasive breast carcinoma not otherwise specified: is there any difference between premenopausal and postmenopausal women?

Petricević J ，Petković M ，Jonjić N 《Acta Clinica Croatica》