No Sex Differences in Perceptual Responses to High-Intensity Interval Training or Sprint Interval Training.

Coe, LN and Astorino, TA. No sex differences in perceptual responses to high-intensity interval training or sprint interval training. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1025-1032, 2024-High-intensity interval training (HIIT) elicits similar and, in some cases, superior benefits vs. moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). However, HIIT is typically more aversive than MICT because of the higher intensity and in turn, greater blood lactate accumulation (BLa). This study explored potential sex differences in perceptual responses to acute HIIT and sprint interval training. Fifteen men (age and V̇O2max = 29 ± 8 years and 39 ± 3 ml·kg-1·min-1) and 13 women (age and V̇O2max = 22 ± 2 years and 38 ± 5 ml·kg-1·min-1) who are healthy and recreationally active initially underwent testing of maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) on a cycle ergometer. In randomized order on 3 separate occasions, they performed the 10 × 1-minute protocol at 85% of peak power output, 4 × 4-minute protocol at 85-95% maximal heart rate (%HRmax), or reduced exertion high intensity interval training consisting of 2 "all-out" 20-second sprints at a load equal to 5% body mass. Before and throughout each protocol, rating of perceived exertion (rating of perceived exertion [RPE] 6-20 scale), affective valence (+5 to -5 of the Feeling Scale), and BLa were assessed. Five minutes postexercise, enjoyment was measured using the Physical Activity Enjoyment scale survey. Results showed no difference in RPE (p = 0.17), affective valence (0.27), or enjoyment (p = 0.52) between men and women. Blood lactate accumulation increased in response to all protocols (p < 0.001), and men showed higher BLa than women (p = 0.03). Previous research suggests that interval exercise protocols are not interchangeable between men and women, yet our data reveal that men and women having similar V̇O2max exhibit no differences in perceptual responses to interval exercise.

Coe LN ，Astorino TA 《-》

Comparison of Acute Physiological and Psychological Responses Between Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise and Three Regimes of High-Intensity Interval Training.

Olney N ，Wertz T ，LaPorta Z ，Mora A ，Serbas J ，Astorino TA ... -  《-》

Dissimilar Physiological and Perceptual Responses Between Sprint Interval Training and High-Intensity Interval Training.

Wood KM ，Olive B ，LaValle K ，Thompson H ，Greer K ，Astorino TA ... -  《-》

Comparison of the Affective Responses to Continuous Training and High-Intensity Interval Training Protocols: Application of the Dual-Mode Model.

Alicea, SK, Parrott, AD, Manos, TM, and Kwon, YS. Comparison of the affective responses to continuous training and high-intensity interval training protocols: application of the dual-mode model. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3069-3075, 2021-High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is time-efficient and has physiological benefits similar to or greater than that of continuous training (CT); however, there are mixed results regarding how HIIT protocols influence affect. The purpose of this study was to compare acute affective responses between HIIT and CT protocols over time using the Dual-Mode Model (DMM) as a theoretical framework. Subjects included 12 healthy women (aged 19-28 years) who completed a HIIT protocol consisting of a 2-minute work interval (100% V̇o2max) followed by a 2-minute rest interval (∼55% V̇o2max), and a CT protocol set at the workrate corresponding to their respiratory compensation point (RCP; ∼80% V̇o2max). Protocols were matched for average intensity, total duration, and energy expenditure. After blood pressure, anthropometrics, body composition, and V̇o2max measurements were taken, responses were recorded for affect (Feeling Scale [FS]), arousal (Felt Arousal Scale [FAS]), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) before each protocol, during the last 10 seconds of every 2 minutes during the protocol, and at time points 2, 5, and 10 minutes after the protocol. Heart rate was also monitored continuously, and exercise enjoyment was measured before and after exercise. A repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed no significant differences in affect between CT (M = 2.5, SD = 2.1) and HIIT (M = 2.6, SD = 2.1) protocols over the duration of the exercise. There were no significant differences in mean RPE between CT (M = 12.9, SD = 2.7) and HIIT (M = 13.0, SD = 1.9) protocols (t = 0.333, p = 0.745) or in enjoyment between CT (M = 2.3, SD = 1.1) and HIIT (M = 2.0, SD = 0.9) protocols (t = -0.288, p = 0.492). In addition, based on visual inspection, the general patterning of the mean FS and FAS values between HIIT and CT was similar within the circumplex model, supporting the DMM. In conclusion, a HIIT protocol at V̇o2max and 1:1 exercise:rest interval did not result in a different affect response, perceived exertion, or enjoyment level when compared with a CT protocol at RCP.

Alicea SK ，Parrott AD ，Manos TM ，Kwon YS ... -  《-》

Similar perceptual responses to reduced exertion high intensity interval training (REHIT) in adults differing in cardiorespiratory fitness.

Reduced exertion high intensity interval training (REHIT) is an extremely low-volume approach of sprint interval exercise (SIE) that increases maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and reduces body fat. However, there are concerns regarding implementation of SIE including REHIT in untrained populations due to generation of supramaximal power outputs and potential feelings of displeasure. This study examined perceptual responses to a single REHIT session in adults with above (n = 43, VO2max = 41 ± 6 mL/kg/min) and below average VO2max (n = 42, VO2max = 33 ± 5 mL/kg/min). Initially, incremental exercise was completed to determine VO2max. Subsequently, participants completed REHIT consisting of two 20 s "all-out" sprints at resistance equal to 5 % body mass. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE), affective valence, and physical activity enjoyment (PACES) were determined. Tolerance and preference to exercise intensity were also measured to examine if they moderated the responses. Compared to participants with below average VO2max, those with above average VO2max revealed similar change in affective valence (p = 0.86), RPE (p = 0.41), and enjoyment (p = 0.64) despite attaining significantly higher peak and mean power output in response to REHIT. The lowest value of affective valence ranged from 1.0-1.5, representing "fairly good." Overall, one session of REHIT elicits positive affective valence and similar pleasure:displeasure and enjoyment responses in individuals having diverse cardiorespiratory fitness, although we recommend that REHIT should be individualized for each client as greater frequency of aversive responses was shown in our participants with low fitness.

Astorino TA ，Clausen R ，Marroquin J ，Arthur B ，Stiles K ... -  《-》