Ultra-processed food consumption and increased risk of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: A cross-sectional analysis of the KNHANES 2016-2020.

This study aimed to investigate the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) intake and the risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean adults. The study consisted of 22 688 Korean adults ≥19 y of age from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016-2020. The NOVA classification categorizes foods according to the nature, extent, and purpose of industrial processing. MetS was defined based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria and a modified waist circumference cut-off for Korean adults. We estimated the usual percent total food intake from UPFs. We used multivariate logistic regression to assess the association between UPFs and risk for MetS, adjusted for age, sex, education level, income level, smoking status, alcohol drinking, physical activity, and total energy intake. We further analyzed the association of UPFs with each component of MetS. The median usual percent total food intake from UPFs was 22%, and the midpoint of intake ranged from 3% (quartile 1) to 48% (quartile 4). The group with the highest UPF consumption had a 19% higher risk for developing MetS than the lowest quartile of UPF consumption (odds ratio [OR],1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.33; Ptrend = 0.006). In analysis of the relationship between UPF intake and MetS components, a higher UPF was associated with an increased risk for hypertension (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.01-1.26; Ptrend = 0.037) and abdominal obesity (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.07-1.33; Ptrend = 0.001), but had no significant association with other components (hyperglycemia, hypertriacylglycerolmia, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, all P > 0.05). Higher UPF contribution to total daily food intake is associated with an increased risk for MetS, particularly with a higher risk for hypertension and abdominal obesity.

Park H ，Lee Y ，Hwang J ，Lee Y ... -  《-》

Association between Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Metabolic Syndrome among Adults in China-Results from the China Health and Nutrition Survey.

Pan F ，Wang Z ，Wang H ，Zhang J ，Su C ，Jia X ，Du W ，Jiang H ，Li W ，Wang L ，Hao L ，Zhang B ，Ding G ... -  《Nutrients》

Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Obesity in Korean Adults.

Shim JS ，Ha KH ，Kim DJ ，Kim HC ... -  《-》

Contribution of minimally processed and ultra-processed foods to the cardiometabolic risk of Brazilian young adults: a cross-sectional study.

Santana GJ ，Silva NJ ，Costa JO ，Vásquez CMP ，Vila-Nova TMS ，Vieira DADS ，Pires LV ，Fagundes AA ，Barbosa KBF ... -  《-》

Ultra-processed food consumption and metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study in Quilombola communities of Alagoas, Brazil.

The processing of food can cause changes that turn them into risk factors for chronic diseases. A higher degree of food processing is associated with the development of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and the prevalence of MetS and its risk factors, focusing on a population group especially subjected to precarious living conditions and food insecurity. Cross-sectional population-based study with women (19 to 59 years) from Quilombola communities of Alagoas. The socioeconomic, demographic, anthropometric, health status, lifestyle, and food intake (24-h recall) variables were analyzed. The dependent variable was the MetS, defined using the harmonization criteria of the Joint Interim Statement, and its components. The foods consumed were categorized according to the Nova Classification, assuming the highest UPF consumption as risk exposure. The measure of association was the prevalence ratio (PR) and respective 95%CI, calculated by Poisson regression with robust variance. We also analyzed the association with the Nova score of UPF consumption. We investigated 895 women (38.9 ± 11.0 years), of whom 48.3% had MetS. On average, 15.9% of the total energy intake came from UPF. Lower Nova scores were associated with a lower prevalence of diabetes and low HDL. Higher UPF consumption was associated with a 30% higher prevalence of hypertension (PR = 1.30; 95%CI: 1.06-1.61). The highest UPF consumption was positively associated with the prevalence of hypertension, while a lower Nova score was a protective factor against diabetes and low HDL. UPF consumption in Quilombola communities is important but lower than that observed in the Brazilian population in general. It is suggested that public health programs be implemented to promote healthy eating while valuing the existing eating habits and traditions among the remaining Brazilian Quilombola people.

Barbosa LB ，Vasconcelos NBR ，Dos Santos EA ，Dos Santos TR ，Ataide-Silva T ，Ferreira HDS ... -  《-》