The demographic history and adaptation of Canarian goat breeds to environmental conditions through the use of genome-wide SNP data.

The presence of goats in the Canary Islands dates back to the late 1st millennium BC, which coincides with the colonization by the Amazigh settlers. However, the exact geographic origin of Canarian goats is uncertain since the Amazigh peoples were distributed over a wide spatial range. Nowadays, three Canarian breeds (Palmera, Majorera and Tinerfeña) are officially recognized, along with two distinct South and North Tinerfeña ecotypes, with the South Tinerfeña and Majorera goats thriving in arid and dry semi-desertic environments and the Palmera and North Tinerfeña goats are adapted to humid and temperate areas that are influenced by trade winds. Genotypes for 224 Canarian goats were generated using the Illumina Goat single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)50 BeadChip. By merging these data with the genotypes from 1007 individuals of African and Southern European ancestry, our aim was to ascertain the geographic origin of the Canarian goats and identify genes associated with adaptation to diverse environmental conditions. The diversity indices of the Canarian breeds align with most of those of the analyzed local breeds from Africa and Europe, except for the Palmera goats that showed lower levels of genetic variation. The Canarian breeds demonstrate a significant genetic differentiation compared to other populations, which indicates a history of prolonged geographic isolation. Moreover, the phylogenetic reconstruction indicated that the ancestry of the Canarian goats is fundamentally North African rather than West African. The ADMIXTURE and the TreeMix analyses showed no evidence of gene flow between Canarian goats and other continental breeds. The analysis of runs of homozygosity (ROH) identified 13 ROH islands while the window-based F method detected 25 genomic regions under selection. Major signals of selection were found on Capra hircus (CHI) chromosomes 6, 7, and 10 using various comparisons and methods. This genome-wide analysis sheds new light on the evolutionary history of the four breeds that inhabit the Canary Islands. Our findings suggest a North African origin of the Canarian goats. In addition, within the genomic regions highlighted by the ROH and F approaches, several genes related to body size and heat tolerance were identified.

Senczuk G ，Macrì M ，Di Civita M ，Mastrangelo S ，Del Rosario Fresno M ，Capote J ，Pilla F ，Delgado JV ，Amills M ，Martínez A ... -  《-》

Strong phylogeographic relationships among three goat breeds from the Canary Islands.

We partially sequenced the mitochondrial D-loop region in 47 individuals from eleven Spanish and foreign goat breeds. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences allowed us to identify a particular D-loop haplotype shared by individuals from the Palmera, Majorera and Tinerfeña Canarian breeds. Genotyping of 281 goats from 17 different breeds by PCR-Hpall RFLP evidenced that the geographical distribution of this haplotype is restricted to the Canary Islands. This ancestral mitochondrial haplotype might originate in the domestic goat herds brought by the native Canarian inhabitants approximately 3000 years ago. Although we observed other miscellaneous D-loop haplotypes in the Palmera, Majorera and Tinerfeña breeds, any of them allowed us to group individuals from these three populations in a single cluster, a feature that suggests that these haplotypes might have diverse origins. The remarkable degree of phylogeographic structure of the Canary goat breeds with regard to other Spanish and foreign populations might be attributed to the isolation of these breeds in the Canary Islands for approximately 2500 years, without exposure to the migratory movements and commercial trading events that probably affected the genesis of most domestic goat breeds worldwide. The Canarian D-loop haplotype can be efficiently genotyped by using DNA isolated from milk and cheese samples, which paves the way for the future establishment of a Canary breed identity test for these dairy products.

Amills M ，Capote J ，Tomàs A ，Kelly L ，Obexer-Ruff G ，Angiolillo A ，Sanchez A ... -  《JOURNAL OF DAIRY RESEARCH》

Genome-wide patterns of homozygosity provide clues about the population history and adaptation of goats.

Bertolini F ，Cardoso TF ，Marras G ，Nicolazzi EL ，Rothschild MF ，Amills M ，AdaptMap consortium ... -  《-》

Patterns of homozygosity in insular and continental goat breeds.

Cardoso TF ，Amills M ，Bertolini F ，Rothschild M ，Marras G ，Boink G ，Jordana J ，Capote J ，Carolan S ，Hallsson JH ，Kantanen J ，Pons A ，Lenstra JA ，AdaptMap Consortium ... -  《-》

A genome-wide perspective about the diversity and demographic history of seven Spanish goat breeds.

Manunza A ，Noce A ，Serradilla JM ，Goyache F ，Martínez A ，Capote J ，Delgado JV ，Jordana J ，Muñoz E ，Molina A ，Landi V ，Pons A ，Balteanu V ，Traoré A ，Vidilla M ，Sánchez-Rodríguez M ，Sànchez A ，Cardoso TF ，Amills M ... -  《-》