The association of the dietary inflammatory potential with risk of overall and site-specific cancers: A community-based longitudinal study in the UK Biobank.
The association of the dietary inflammatory potential with cancer risk remains uncertain. We examined the relationship of the dietary inflammatory potential with risk of overall and site-specific cancers and explored its sex and age differences.
A community-based longitudinal study.
Participants from the UK Biobank completed baseline surveys during 2006-2010 and were followed for up to 15 years to detect incident cancer.
170,899 cancer-free participants with dietary data available (mean age: 55.73 ± 7.95, 54.10% female).
At baseline, dietary intake was assessed with a 24-h dietary record for up to 5 times. The inflammatory diet index (IDI) was calculated to assess the dietary inflammatory potential as a weighted sum of 31 food groups (including 14 anti-inflammatory and 17 pro-inflammatory) based on plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels, and tertiled as low (indicating low-inflammatory diet), moderate, and high IDI (as reference). Overall and site-specific cancers were ascertained via linkage to routine hospital admission, cancer registry, and death certificate data. Data were analyzed using Cox regression and Laplace regression.
During the follow-up (median 10.32 years, interquartile range: 9.95-11.14 years), 18,884 (11.05%) participants developed cancer. In multi-adjusted Cox regression, low IDI scores were associated with decreased risk of rectal cancer (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval, CI] 0.76 [0.61, 0.94]), thyroid cancer [0.45 (0.27, 0.74)], lung cancer [0.73 (0.61, 0.88)]. However, the association between IDI score and the risk of overall cancer was not significant. Laplace regression analysis showed that 10th percentile differences (95% CIs) of cancer onset time for participants with low IDI scores was prolonged by 1.29 (0.32, 2.27), 1.44 (0.58, 2.30), and 2.62 (0.98, 4.27) years for rectal cancer, thyroid cancer, and lung cancer, respectively, compared to those with high IDI scores. Stratified analysis revealed that low IDI scores were associated with a lower risk of rectal cancer (p interaction between IDI score and sex = 0.035) and lung cancer in males, but not in females, and with a reduced risk of thyroid cancer in females, but not in males. Moreover, low IDI scores were associated with a reduced risk of rectal cancer and lung cancer in the participants aged ≥60 years, but not in those <60 years, and with a reduced risk of thyroid cancer in those aged ≥60 years and <60 years.
A low-inflammatory diet is associated with decreased risk and prolonged onset time of rectal cancer and lung cancer, especially among males and individuals aged ≥60 years, and thyroid cancer among females.
Liang J
，Yang R
，Da H
，Wang J
，Maimaitiyiming M
，Qi X
，Dunk MM
，Xu W
... -
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Association of a low-inflammatory diet with survival among adults: The role of cardiometabolic diseases and lifestyle.
Evidence on the association between dietary inflammation and longevity is limited. We aimed to examine the association of a low-inflammatory diet with mortality and longevity, and to explore whether cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) and lifestyle factors may play a role in this association.
Within the UK Biobank, 188,443 participants aged 39-72 years (mean 56.07) were followed for up to 16 years to detect survival status from the death registry. At baseline, dietary intake was assessed with a 24-h dietary record. An inflammatory diet index (IDI) was calculated as weighted sum of 31 food groups (including 14 anti-inflammatory and 17 pro-inflammatory) based on plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels, and tertiled as low, moderate, and high IDI scores. Baseline lifestyle beyond diet was assessed by summing the number of healthy lifestyle factors (i.e., never smoking, regular physical activity, and normal BMI) and categorized as unfavorable (≤1) and favorable (≥2). Presence of CMDs was defined as having any one of type 2 diabetes, ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and stroke. Data were analyzed using Cox regression, Laplace regression, and generalized structural equation modelling.
During the follow-up (median 9.79 years, interquartile range: 9.68-10.57 years), 9178 (4.9%) participants died. In multi-adjusted Cox regression models, a low-inflammatory diet (i.e. low IDI score) was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78 to 0.86]. Laplace regression analysis showed that the multi-adjusted 10th percentile difference (10th PD, 95% CI) of death time was delayed by 0.80 (0.55, 1.06; P < 0.001) years for participants with a low IDI score compared to those with a high IDI score. In mediation analysis, 21.48% of the association between IDI and mortality was mediated by CMDs. In joint effect analysis, participants with a low IDI score and favorable lifestyle had a 42% lower risk of death (HR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.62) compared to those with a high IDI score and unfavorable lifestyle. There was a significant additive interaction between low IDI score and favorable lifestyle on decreased mortality.
A low-inflammatory diet is associated with a lower risk of death and could prolong survival time. CMDs may partially mediate the IDI-mortality association. A favorable lifestyle beyond diet may augment the positive effect of a low-inflammatory diet on longevity.
Da H
，Yang R
，Liang J
，Wang J
，Yang W
，Dunk MM
，Qi X
，Xu W
... -
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Vitamin D Status, Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study.
Vitamin D status has been associated with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but evidence is scarce regarding whether such relation differs by glycemic status.
To prospectively investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and risk of incident T2D across the glycemic spectrum and the modification effect of genetic variants in the vitamin D receptor (VDR).
This prospective study included 379 699 participants without T2D at baseline from the UK Biobank. Analyses were performed according to glycemic status and HbA1c levels. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs.
During a median of 14.1 years of follow-up, 6315 participants with normoglycemia and 9085 patients with prediabetes developed T2D. Compared with individuals with 25(OH)D < 25 nmol/L, the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of incident T2D for those with 25(OH)D ≥ 75 nmol/L was 0.62 (0.56, 0.70) among the normoglycemia group and 0.64 (0.58, 0.70) among the prediabetes group. A significant interaction was observed between 25(OH)D and VDR polymorphisms among participants with prediabetes (P interaction = .017), whereby the reduced HR of T2D associated with higher 25(OH)D was more prominent in those carrying the T allele of rs1544410. Triglyceride levels mediated 26% and 34% of the association between serum 25(OH)D and incident T2D among participants with normoglycemia and prediabetes, respectively.
Higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with lower T2D risk across the glycemic spectrum below the threshold for diabetes, and the relations in prediabetes were modified by VDR polymorphisms. Improving the lipid profile, mainly triglycerides, accounted for part of the favorable associations.
Fu Y
，Lu M
，Zhang K
，Sun Y
，Tan X
，Wang N
，Xu F
，Jiang B
，Lu Y
，Wang B
... -
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Associations Between Frailty and the Increased Risk of Adverse Outcomes Among 38,950 UK Biobank Participants With Prediabetes: Prospective Cohort Study.
Compared with adults with normal glucose metabolism, those with prediabetes tend to be frail. However, it remains poorly understood whether frailty could identify adults who are most at risk of adverse outcomes related to prediabetes.
We aimed to systematically evaluate the associations between frailty, a simple health indicator, and risks of multiple adverse outcomes including incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), diabetes-related microvascular disease, cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), eye disease, dementia, depression, and all-cause mortality in late life among middle-aged adults with prediabetes.
We evaluated 38,950 adults aged 40 years to 64 years with prediabetes using the baseline survey from the UK Biobank. Frailty was assessed using the frailty phenotype (FP; range 0-5), and participants were grouped into nonfrail (FP=0), prefrail (1≤FP≤2), and frail (FP≥3). Multiple adverse outcomes (ie, T2DM, diabetes-related microvascular disease, CVD, CKD, eye disease, dementia, depression, and all-cause mortality) were ascertained during a median follow-up of 12 years. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the associations. Several sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the results.
At baseline, 49.1% (19,122/38,950) and 5.9% (2289/38,950) of adults with prediabetes were identified as prefrail and frail, respectively. Both prefrailty and frailty were associated with higher risks of multiple adverse outcomes in adults with prediabetes (P for trend <.001). For instance, compared with their nonfrail counterparts, frail participants with prediabetes had a significantly higher risk (P<.001) of T2DM (hazard ratio [HR]=1.73, 95% CI 1.55-1.92), diabetes-related microvascular disease (HR=1.89, 95% CI 1.64-2.18), CVD (HR=1.66, 95% CI 1.44-1.91), CKD (HR=1.76, 95% CI 1.45-2.13), eye disease (HR=1.31, 95% CI 1.14-1.51), dementia (HR=2.03, 95% CI 1.33-3.09), depression (HR=3.01, 95% CI 2.47-3.67), and all-cause mortality (HR=1.81, 95% CI 1.51-2.16) in the multivariable-adjusted models. Furthermore, with each 1-point increase in FP score, the risk of these adverse outcomes increased by 10% to 42%. Robust results were generally observed in sensitivity analyses.
In UK Biobank participants with prediabetes, both prefrailty and frailty are significantly associated with higher risks of multiple adverse outcomes, including T2DM, diabetes-related diseases, and all-cause mortality. Our findings suggest that frailty assessment should be incorporated into routine care for middle-aged adults with prediabetes, to improve the allocation of health care resources and reduce diabetes-related burden.
Cao X
，Li X
，Zhang J
，Sun X
，Yang G
，Zhao Y
，Li S
，Hoogendijk EO
，Wang X
，Zhu Y
，Allore H
，Gill TM
，Liu Z
... -
《JMIR Public Health and Surveillance》
ResearchGate
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钛学术
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