Effects of compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue on posttraumatic growth of psychiatric nurses: A cross-sectional study.

This study aimed to explore the effects of compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue on the posttraumatic growth of psychiatric nurses. Psychiatric nurses' prolonged and repeated exposure to trauma and complex situations in the work environment can lead to negative emotions such as compassion fatigue, but they also experience positive consequences such as posttraumatic growth, and the relationship between compassion fatigue and posttraumatic growth is not unclear. A total of 336 nurses from psychiatry departments of seven tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province, China, were administered an online questionnaire. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling. The posttraumatic growth level was measured with the Simplified Chinese version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. The Professional Quality of Life Scale-Chinese version was used to assess compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress. T-test and one-way variance analysis, Pearson correlation analysis and hierarchical linear regression were used for data analysis. A STROBE checklist was used to guide the reporting of the research. Psychiatric nurses' posttraumatic growth is at a low level, influenced by demographic and occupational factors, whereas compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress are at a moderate level. Hierarchical regression analysis suggested that compassion satisfaction and secondary traumatic stress had a positive impact on posttraumatic growth, whereas burnout had a negative impact on posttraumatic growth. Findings suggest that nursing managers should attach importance to the mental health of psychiatric nurses, improve compassion satisfaction, alleviate burnout and promote posttraumatic growth.

Zeng L ，Liu G ，Feng F ，Qiu Y ，Wang S ，Yu M ，Wang J ... -  《-》

Factors associated with compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress among Chinese nurses in tertiary hospitals: A cross-sectional study.

Compassion fatigue is a work-related professional hazard acquired when providing healthcare for patients. This hazard can lead to physical and mental health problems for nurses and may also affect the nursing care quality for patients. However, studies on Chinese nurses' compassion fatigue are scarce, especially large sampled, multi-center empirical research. The goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of compassion fatigue among Chinese nurses, and to explore the factors associated with compassion satisfaction, burnout and second traumatic stress. A cross-sectional design with a convenience sample. Participants were recruited from 11 tertiary hospitals in western (Chengdu, Chongqing), eastern (Hefei), southern (Shenzhen) and central China (Wuhan, Huangshi). A total of 1044 registered nurses from different nursing departments were surveyed. Demographic, work-related information, lifestyle questionnaire and the Professional Quality of Life Scale were used in this study. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson or Spearman's correlation analyses were used to compare the differences and examine the relationships between participants' demographic and work-related variables and compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress. Multiple linear regression models were performed to identify salient variables associated with compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress from among demographic and work-related factors. The mean scores for the dimensions of compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress were 32.63±6.46, 27.36±5.29, and 26.88±5.13, respectively. The age of 36 or higher, being married, higher job satisfaction, good sleep quality and regular exercise were positively associated with compassion satisfaction, while smoking was a negative factor; these five factors explained 25.7% of the total variance. The average number of hours worked per day was a positive factor for burnout, while being married/member of an unmarried couple, job satisfaction, sleep hours per day and sleep quality were negative factors of burnout, explaining 38.8% of the total variance. In addition, we also found that four factors, poor sleep quality, low job satisfaction, more work hours, and second-hand smoke exposure were related to secondary traumatic stress, explaining 9% of the variance. Our findings reveal a serious phenomenon of the poor professional quality of life among Chinese nurses. The results may provide clues to help nursing managers identify nurses' vulnerability to compassion fatigue and implement targeted strategies to reduce nurses' burnout and secondary traumatic stress, while supporting compassion satisfaction.

Wang J ，Okoli CTC ，He H ，Feng F ，Li J ，Zhuang L ，Lin M ... -  《-》

Prevalence and factors of compassion fatigue among Chinese psychiatric nurses: A cross-sectional study.

Xie W ，Wang J ，Okoli CTC ，He H ，Feng F ，Zhuang L ，Tang P ，Zeng L ，Jin M ... -  《-》

Prevalence and influencing factors of posttraumatic growth among nurses suffering from workplace violence: A cross-sectional study.

The purpose of this study was to (i) identify the level of posttraumatic growth among nurses suffering from workplace violence, (ii) clarify the relationship between nurses' posttraumatic growth and compassion satisfaction, burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and (iii) determine the influencing factors for posttraumatic growth among nurses suffering from workplace violence. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate 726 nurses suffering from workplace violence in 10 tertiary hospitals by using demographic, work-related information, lifestyle questionnaire, simplified Chinese version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, and professional quality of life scale. In the findings, (i) the participants' posttraumatic growth scores were 57.29 ± 21.56, while the compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress scores were 32.82 ± 6.80, 27.17 ± 5.53, and 26.67 ± 5.29, respectively, (ii) posttraumatic growth was positively correlated with compassion satisfaction and secondary traumatic stress, and negatively correlated with burnout, and (iii) compassion satisfaction, sleep hours per day, department, scheduling, alcohol, secondary traumatic stress, children, and work hours per day were influencing factors of posttraumatic growth, which explained 36.3% of the total variance. Our study indicates that Chinese nurses may experience moderate levels of compassionate satisfaction, burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and low levels of posttraumatic growth after suffering from workplace violence, while the posttraumatic growth of nurses suffering from workplace violence is more affected by work-related variables and lifestyle-related variables, but less affected by other sociodemographic variables. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the psychological evaluation of nurses and adopt targeted strategies to promote nurses' posttraumatic growth.

Zeng L ，Zhang X ，Wang F ，Yun J ，Lai L ，Jin M ，Liu G ，Qiu Y ，Wang J ... -  《-》

The Relationship Between Psychological Capital and the Occupational Psychologic Risks of Nurses: The Mediation Role of Compassion Satisfaction.

The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between psychological capital (hope, self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism) and burnout and compassion fatigue or secondary traumatic stress among general hospital nurses, and the mediating role of compassion satisfaction in this relationship. Cross-sectional survey study. Participants were 697 nurses working in different nursing departments in tertiary university hospitals in a metropolitan city in Turkey. The semistructured interview form, Professional Quality of Life Scale, and Psychological Capital Scale were used to gather data. Descriptive analysis, the Spearman correlation analyzer, hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis, and mediation analyzer with PROCESS and the Sobel test were used to analyze data. There were moderate relationships between psychological capital total score, all subscales, and burnout, and weak negative correlations between these variables and compassion fatigue. For burnout, self-efficacy and optimism in the first model explained 26% of the variance; when compassion satisfaction was added in the second model, 45% of the total variance was explained. For compassion fatigue, self-efficacy in the first model explained 5% of the variance; adding compassion satisfaction in the second model, the variance did not change at all. The findings of the current study may contribute to enhancing the protection of nurses' well-being in their general hospital settings by developing knowledge about the resources that are needed to prevent or decrease occupational psychological risks. Increasing psychological capital levels of nurses enhances the quality of care and the sustainability of their working conditions. The findings of this study can be used to design interventions to better assist nurses in addressing their psychological health. Because psychological capital is a malleable resource, nursing managers can invest in the development and improvement of nurses' resources.

Yıldırım N ，Coşkun H ，Polat Ş 《-》