Mycorrhizal fungal communities associated with three metal accumulator plants growing in an abandoned Pb smelting factory.

Plants associated with mycorrhizal fungi has the ability to establish on metal-contaminated soils playing an important role in phytoremediation programs. The objective of this study was to examine the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (spores density, diversity, indicator species, and root colonization) and dark septate endophytic fungi (DSE fungal root colonization) in three metal accumulator plants (Sorghum halepense, Bidens pilosa, and Tagetes minuta) growing in soils with high Pb content. The Pb content in AMF spores and plant biomass were also assessed. Rhizosphere soil samples were taken from the three dominant plant species at six study sites surrounding the abandoned Pb smelter and one uncontaminated site. The three studied plants were colonized by AMF and DSE fungi. A total of 24 AMF morphospecies were present in the Pb-contaminated areas. The AMF indicator species in the control site (non-contaminated area) was Funneliformis mosseae and in the most contaminated site were Gigaspora decipiens and Denticustata biornata. There was an increase in mycorrhizal variables such as the number of AMF vesicles, spore number, Pb content in AMF spores and plant biomass and DSE colonization (in Sorghum) with increasing soil Pb contamination, but a decrease in AMF diversity and richness was found. For upcoming soil restoration projects, it is crucial to understand the mycorrhizal fungi as well as the plant community that has adapted to the highly contaminated environment.

Becerra AG ，Menoyo E ，Faggioli V ，Cabello M ，Salazar MJ ... -  《-》

Soil lead pollution modifies the structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities.

Faggioli V ，Menoyo E ，Geml J ，Kemppainen M ，Pardo A ，Salazar MJ ，Becerra AG ... -  《-》

Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in lead translocation from Bidens pilosa L. plants to soil.

Bidens pilosa frequently forms a symbiotic association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). This plant species can grow in Pb-polluted soils, accumulating Pb in its tissues. The aims of the study were to determine whether Pb accumulated in the tissues of B. pilosa can be transferred to the soil through AMF and to compare the role of AMF communities that have a history of exposure to the contaminant with those that have never been exposed. The experiment combined plants with and without Pb accumulated in their tissues, and inoculated with AMF collected from the rhizosphere of B. pilosa in soils contaminated and not contaminated with Pb. The results showed that AMF participate in the removal of Pb that had entered the plant and release it into the soil, as evidenced by the presence of Pb in the AMF spores and in the glomalin produced by AMF. We propose that Pb accumulation in AMF spores would be a protection mechanism that interrupts Pb uptake by the plant; however, that mechanism would not be fully exploited in detoxification, whereas the production of Pb-enriched glomalin could be an important detoxification mechanism to eliminate Pb already taken up by plants. AMF with a history of Pb exposure achieved only higher rates of root colonization, while AMF without previous exposure showed higher Pb concentration in the spores and higher glomalin production, and successfully removed Pb from both the roots and aboveground parts of the plant. The use of AMF communities not adapted to Pb may be a more effective option for microbe-mediated phytoremediation methods in which detoxification mechanisms are desirable.

Salazar MJ ，Cáceres-Mago K ，Becerra AG 《-》

Co-inoculation of Lolium perenne with Funneliformis mosseae and the dark septate endophyte Cadophora sp. in a trace element-polluted soil.

Berthelot C ，Blaudez D ，Beguiristain T ，Chalot M ，Leyval C ... -  《-》

Differential Responses of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities to Long-Term Fertilization in the Wheat Rhizosphere and Root Endosphere.

Ma Y ，Zhang H ，Wang D ，Guo X ，Yang T ，Xiang X ，Walder F ，Chu H ... -  《-》