Revisiting the lineage contribution of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.

For a long time, self-renewing and multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have been thought to make a major contribution to both embryonic and adult hematopoiesis. The canonical hematopoietic hierarchy illustrating HSC self-renewal and multipotency has been established mainly based on invasive functional assays (e.g. transplantation or colony-forming units in the spleen and in culture), which evaluate the cellular potentials of HSCs. With the extensive applications of non-invasive cell fate-mapping strategies, recent lineage tracing-based studies have suggested that not all native hematopoiesis is established via the hierarchical differentiation of HSCs. By contrast, hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) are a dominant contributor to both embryonic and young adult hematopoiesis. These new findings help redefine the cellular origins of embryonic and adult hematopoiesis under native conditions, and emphasize the differences in revealing HSC potential versus HSC fate using distinct approaches during stress and native hematopoiesis. Here, we review recent advances in HPC and HSC development, and provide an updated perspective to incorporate these new findings with our traditional understanding of developmental and adult hematopoiesis.

Gao S ，Zhang Y ，Liu F 《-》

Hierarchically related lineage-restricted fates of multipotent haematopoietic stem cells.

Carrelha J ，Meng Y ，Kettyle LM ，Luis TC ，Norfo R ，Alcolea V ，Boukarabila H ，Grasso F ，Gambardella A ，Grover A ，Högstrand K ，Lord AM ，Sanjuan-Pla A ，Woll PS ，Nerlov C ，Jacobsen SEW ... -  《-》

The Source and Dynamics of Adult Hematopoiesis: Insights from Lineage Tracing.

Pucella JN ，Upadhaya S ，Reizis B 《-》

Definitive hematopoietic stem cells minimally contribute to embryonic hematopoiesis.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are rare cells that arise in the embryo and sustain adult hematopoiesis. Although the functional potential of nascent HSCs is detectable by transplantation, their native contribution during development is unknown, in part due to the overlapping genesis and marker gene expression with other embryonic blood progenitors. Using single-cell transcriptomics, we define gene signatures that distinguish nascent HSCs from embryonic blood progenitors. Applying a lineage-tracing approach to selectively track HSC output in situ, we find significantly delayed lymphomyeloid contribution. An inducible HSC injury model demonstrates a negligible impact on larval lymphomyelopoiesis following HSC depletion. HSCs are not merely dormant at this developmental stage, as they showed robust regeneration after injury. Combined, our findings illuminate that nascent HSCs self-renew but display differentiation latency, while HSC-independent embryonic progenitors sustain developmental hematopoiesis. Understanding these differences could improve de novo generation and expansion of functional HSCs.

Ulloa BA ，Habbsa SS ，Potts KS ，Lewis A ，McKinstry M ，Payne SG ，Flores JC ，Nizhnik A ，Feliz Norberto M ，Mosimann C ，Bowman TV ... -  《-》

Dynamics of Chromatin Accessibility During Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation Into Progressively Lineage-Committed Progeny.

Epigenetic mechanisms regulate the multilineage differentiation capacity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) into a variety of blood and immune cells. Mapping the chromatin dynamics of functionally defined cell populations will shed mechanistic insight into 2 major, unanswered questions in stem cell biology: how does epigenetic identity contribute to a cell type's lineage potential, and how do cascades of chromatin remodeling dictate ensuing fate decisions? Our recent work revealed evidence of multilineage gene priming in HSCs, where open cis-regulatory elements (CREs) exclusively shared between HSCs and unipotent lineage cells were enriched for DNA binding motifs of known lineage-specific transcription factors. Oligopotent progenitor populations operating between the HSCs and unipotent cells play essential roles in effecting hematopoietic homeostasis. To test the hypothesis that selective HSC-primed lineage-specific CREs remain accessible throughout differentiation, we used ATAC-seq to map the temporal dynamics of chromatin remodeling during progenitor differentiation. We observed epigenetic-driven clustering of oligopotent and unipotent progenitors into distinct erythromyeloid and lymphoid branches, with multipotent HSCs and MPPs associating with the erythromyeloid lineage. We mapped the dynamics of lineage-primed CREs throughout hematopoiesis and identified both unique and shared CREs as potential lineage reinforcement mechanisms at fate branch points. Additionally, quantification of genome-wide peak count and size revealed overall greater chromatin accessibility in HSCs, allowing us to identify HSC-unique peaks as putative regulators of self-renewal and multilineage potential. Finally, CRISPRi-mediated targeting of ATACseq-identified putative CREs in HSCs allowed us to demonstrate the functional role of selective CREs in lineage-specific gene expression. These findings provide insight into the regulation of stem cell multipotency and lineage commitment throughout hematopoiesis and serve as a resource to test functional drivers of hematopoietic lineage fate.

Martin EW ，Rodriguez Y Baena A ，Reggiardo RE ，Worthington AK ，Mattingly CS ，Poscablo DM ，Krietsch J ，McManus MT ，Carpenter S ，Kim DH ，Forsberg EC ... -  《-》