Menstrual hygiene management and associated factors among adolescent school girls in gursum district, Eastern Ethiopia: Institution-based a cross-sectional study.

In 2017 WHO reported that due to a lack of menstrual hygiene management (MHM) facilities, high costs, and ignorance, 2.3 billion girls and women worldwide do not manage their menstruation properly. This leads to the use of other options, such as old clothes or other unhygienic materials, which may make them a risk group for infections and other health consequences. Despite the significant role of appropriate menstrual hygiene practices, it is still a missed opportunity to address the hygienic practice of menstruation among girls in many low-and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. Primarily, this study was aimed at investigating menstrual hygiene management (MHM) practice and determinant factors among young adolescent school girls in eastern Ethiopia, Gursum District 2021. An institutional-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among adolescent school girls in Gursum, Eastern Ethiopia, in 2021. 577 girls participated in this study and a multi-stage sampling procedure was employed so as to select a fair and representative sample of female students who experienced menarche. After controlling for confounding variables, binary logistic regression was fitted to identify factors affecting MHM among adolescent girls. This study revealed that 58.41% of adolescent school girls practice unsafe MHM practices. It was also reported that 193(33.45%) of the girls use reusable sanitary pads. Of those, 182(31.5%) of them keep the pads in hidden places as it is a shame to be seen Seventy-six (13.17%) of the respondents had experienced vaginal infections during menarche. Having knowledge about menstruation prior to experiencing menstruation [AOR 0.28 CI: (0.1476132, 0.5613692)], being over 15 years old [AOR 1.56, CI: (1.020577, 2.387646)], living in rural areas [AOR 1.23 CI: (1.1563013, 1.3562546)], and having infection around their vagina during menarche [AOR 4.6 CI: (2.633405, 8. 273,883)] were significant determinants of MHM practice. The majority of the adolescent girls who participated in this study practice unsafe MHM practices. Results suggest that school health education focusing on improving the hygienic practices of adolescent girls during menstruation should be provided.

Mulugeta Demmu Y ，Shifera GM ，Ayana GM ，Adare D ，Yazew B ，Damtew YT ，Geremew A ... -  《BMC Womens Health》

Menstrual hygiene management practice and associated factors among secondary school girls in eastern Ethiopia: The influence of water, sanitation and hygiene facilities.

Girma R ，Cheru A ，Adare Mengistu D ，Bayu K ，Dirirsa G ，Temesgen S ，Baraki N ，Tamire A ，Dereje J ... -  《-》

Menstrual hygiene management and school absenteeism among adolescent students in Indonesia: evidence from a cross-sectional school-based survey.

To assess the prevalence of menstrual hygiene management (MHM) knowledge and practices among adolescent schoolgirls in Indonesia, and assess factors associated with poor MHM and school absenteeism due to menstruation. A cross-sectional survey enrolled a representative sample of urban and rural school-going girls aged 12-19 years in four provinces of Indonesia. A semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire obtained socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, practices and attitudes related to menstruation, MHM and school absenteeism. School water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities were also assessed. Univariate weighted population prevalence was estimated and multivariable logit regression analyses applied to explore associations. A total of 1159 adolescent girls with a mean age of 15 years (SD = 1.8) participated. Most girls (90.8%, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 79.7-96.1) had reached menarche. Over half (64.1%, 95% CI = 49.9-76.2) reported poor MHM practices, and 11.1% (95% CI = 8.1-15.2) had missed one or more days of school during their most recent menstrual period. Poor MHM practices were associated with rural residence (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.13-2.64), province (various AOR), lower school grade (AOR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.05-2.74) and low knowledge of menstruation (AOR = 3.49, 95% CI = 1.61-7.58). Absenteeism was associated with living in rural areas (AOR = 3.96, 95% CI = 3.02-5.18), province (various AOR), higher school grade (AOR = 3.02, 95% CI = 2.08-4.38), believing menstruation should be kept secret (AOR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.03-2.11), experiencing serious menstrual pain (AOR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.06-2.68) and showed mixed associations with school WASH facilities. High prevalence of poor MHM and considerable school absenteeism due to menstruation among Indonesian girls highlight the need for improved interventions that reach girls at a young age and address knowledge, shame and secrecy, acceptability of WASH infrastructure and menstrual pain management.

Davis J ，Macintyre A ，Odagiri M ，Suriastini W ，Cordova A ，Huggett C ，Agius PA ，Faiqoh ，Budiyani AE ，Quillet C ，Cronin AA ，Diah NM ，Triwahyunto A ，Luchters S ，Kennedy E ... -  《-》

Safe menstrual hygiene management practice and associated factors among female adolescent students at high schools in central Ethiopia: A mixed-method study.

Deriba BS ，Garedew G ，Gemeda D ，Geleta TA ，Jemal K ，Bala ET ，Mekuria M ，Nigussie T ，Dirirsa DE ，Legesse E ... -  《Frontiers in Public Health》

Menstrual hygiene practices among high school girls in urban areas in Northeastern Ethiopia: A neglected issue in water, sanitation, and hygiene research.

Habtegiorgis Y ，Sisay T ，Kloos H ，Malede A ，Yalew M ，Arefaynie M ，Damtie Y ，Kefale B ，Tegegne TB ，Addisu E ，Lingerew M ，Berhanu L ，Berihun G ，Natnael T ，Abebe M ，Feleke A ，Gizeyatu A ，Ademas A ，Fentaw Z ，Yayeh TM ，Dangura F ，Adane M ... -  《PLoS One》