Open Science and Software Assistance: Commentary on "Artificial Intelligence Can Generate Fraudulent but Authentic-Looking Scientific Medical Articles: Pandora's Box Has Been Opened".

Májovský and colleagues have investigated the important issue of ChatGPT being used for the complete generation of scientific works, including fake data and tables. The issues behind why ChatGPT poses a significant concern to research reach far beyond the model itself. Once again, the lack of reproducibility and visibility of scientific works creates an environment where fraudulent or inaccurate work can thrive. What are some of the ways in which we can handle this new situation?

Ballester PL 《JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH》

Artificial Intelligence Can Generate Fraudulent but Authentic-Looking Scientific Medical Articles: Pandora's Box Has Been Opened.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has advanced substantially in recent years, transforming many industries and improving the way people live and work. In scientific research, AI can enhance the quality and efficiency of data analysis and publication. However, AI has also opened up the possibility of generating high-quality fraudulent papers that are difficult to detect, raising important questions about the integrity of scientific research and the trustworthiness of published papers. The aim of this study was to investigate the capabilities of current AI language models in generating high-quality fraudulent medical articles. We hypothesized that modern AI models can create highly convincing fraudulent papers that can easily deceive readers and even experienced researchers. This proof-of-concept study used ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer) powered by the GPT-3 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3) language model to generate a fraudulent scientific article related to neurosurgery. GPT-3 is a large language model developed by OpenAI that uses deep learning algorithms to generate human-like text in response to prompts given by users. The model was trained on a massive corpus of text from the internet and is capable of generating high-quality text in a variety of languages and on various topics. The authors posed questions and prompts to the model and refined them iteratively as the model generated the responses. The goal was to create a completely fabricated article including the abstract, introduction, material and methods, discussion, references, charts, etc. Once the article was generated, it was reviewed for accuracy and coherence by experts in the fields of neurosurgery, psychiatry, and statistics and compared to existing similar articles. The study found that the AI language model can create a highly convincing fraudulent article that resembled a genuine scientific paper in terms of word usage, sentence structure, and overall composition. The AI-generated article included standard sections such as introduction, material and methods, results, and discussion, as well a data sheet. It consisted of 1992 words and 17 citations, and the whole process of article creation took approximately 1 hour without any special training of the human user. However, there were some concerns and specific mistakes identified in the generated article, specifically in the references. The study demonstrates the potential of current AI language models to generate completely fabricated scientific articles. Although the papers look sophisticated and seemingly flawless, expert readers may identify semantic inaccuracies and errors upon closer inspection. We highlight the need for increased vigilance and better detection methods to combat the potential misuse of AI in scientific research. At the same time, it is important to recognize the potential benefits of using AI language models in genuine scientific writing and research, such as manuscript preparation and language editing.

Májovský M ，Černý M ，Kasal M ，Komarc M ，Netuka D ... -  《JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH》

AI Increases the Pressure to Overhaul the Scientific Peer Review Process. Comment on "Artificial Intelligence Can Generate Fraudulent but Authentic-Looking Scientific Medical Articles: Pandora's Box Has Been Opened".

Liu N ，Brown A 《JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH》

AI Is Changing the Landscape of Academic Writing: What Can Be Done? Authors' Reply to: AI Increases the Pressure to Overhaul the Scientific Peer Review Process. Comment on "Artificial Intelligence Can Generate Fraudulent but Authentic-Looking Scientific M

Májovský M ，Mikolov T ，Netuka D 《JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH》

The role of using ChatGPT AI in writing medical scientific articles.

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical research is on the rise. This article explores the role of using ChatGPT, a language model developed by OpenAI, in writing medical scientific articles. The material and methods used included a comparative analysis of medical scientific articles produced with and without the use of ChatGPT. The results suggest that the use of ChatGPT can be a useful tool for scientists to increase the production of higher quality medical scientific articles, but it is important to note that AI cannot fully replace human authors. In conclusion, scientists should consider ChatGPT as an additional tool to produce higher quality medical scientific articles more quickly.

Benichou L ，ChatGPT 《-》