Work environmental factors associated with compassion satisfaction and end-of-life care quality among nurses in general wards, palliative care units, and home care settings: A cross-sectional survey.

Nurses providing end-of-life care experience not only burnout and compassion fatigue, but also positive effects such as compassion satisfaction. Nurses' compassion satisfaction was shown to be related to job satisfaction, work engagement, and nurse caring. Studies in emergency departments, intensive care units, oncology wards, and general wards have identified work environmental factors associated with nurses' compassion satisfaction, but no similar studies have been conducted in palliative care units or home care settings. It is also unknown whether work environmental factors associated with compassion satisfaction contribute to end-of-life care quality. To explore work environmental factors associated with nurses' compassion satisfaction and end-of-life care quality in three types of workplaces: general wards, palliative care units, and home care settings. A cross-sectional survey of nurses providing end-of-life care. Sixteen general wards, 14 palliative care units, and 25 home-visit nursing agencies in Japan. There were 347 study participants: 95 nurses in general wards, 128 in palliative care units, and 124 in home care settings. Compassion satisfaction was assessed using the Professional Quality of Life Scale, and end-of-life care quality was rated on a 4-point scale. Work environments were assessed using the Areas of Worklife Survey, which measures the fit between an individual and their work environment in six areas: workload, control, reward, community, fairness, and values. Compared to nurses in general wards and palliative care units, home care nurses scored statistically significantly higher on all work environmental factors except reward. Work environmental factors that were significantly positively associated with higher compassion satisfaction were values in general wards (β = 0.335, P = 0.007), reward and workload in palliative care units (β = 0.266, P = 0.009 and β = 0.179, P = 0.035), and community and control in home care settings (β = 0.325, P = 0.001 and β = 0.261, P = 0.004). In addition, higher scores for workload in general wards (odds ratio = 5.321; 95 % confidence interval, 1.688-16.775) and for community in palliative units (odds ratio = 2.872; 95 % confidence interval, 1.161-7.102) were associated with higher end-of-life care quality. No associated work environmental factors were found in home care settings. Work environmental factors associated with nurses' compassion satisfaction and end-of-life care quality varied between workplaces. These results may contribute to creating work environments that are appropriate for each workplace type to maintain both nurses' compassion satisfaction and end-of-life care quality. Work environmental factors associated with nurses' compassion satisfaction and end-of-life care quality were identified in three workplaces.

Higashibata T ，Hamano J ，Nagaoka H ，Sasahara T ，Fukumori T ，Arahata T ，Kazama I ，Maeno T ，Kizawa Y ... -  《-》

Compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction among Chinese palliative care nurses: A province-wide cross-sectional survey.

We aim to explore the prevalence and potential facilitators and inhibitors of compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction among Chinese palliative care nurses. Nurses with compassion fatigue may suffer from health-related problems, causing decreased work efficiency and quality of care. Palliative care nurses are especially at risk of compassion fatigue due to close contact with terminal patients. A province-wide cross-sectional survey using convenience sampling was conducted among 318 palliative care nurses at 25 hospitals and healthcare institutions in Sichuan Province, China. Data were collected using demographic questionnaire and five scales: Professional Quality of Life Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, and Connor-Davison Resilience Scale. Data analyses including descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, simple linear regression, and multiple linear regression. Mean scores (SD) for burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction were 25.42 (4.75), 26.08 (5.72), and 35.67 (5.77), respectively. Related factors predicted 40.30%, 27.10%, and 35.4% of the variance in the model of burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction, respectively (all p < .001). The levels of burnout and secondary traumatic stress among Chinese palliative care nurses were higher than those among other types of nurses. Social support, resilience, positive coping, family recognition of work, and income satisfaction are inhibitors of compassion fatigue among palliative care nurses. Nursing administrators and educators should consider providing effective and targeted strategies (e.g. ongoing training and psychological interventions) to decrease compassion fatigue among palliative care nurses based on the cultural and ethical settings.

Li J ，Wang Q ，Guan C ，Luo L ，Hu X ... -  《-》

Prevalence and predictors of compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction among oncology nurses: A cross-sectional survey.

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Given the complexity of caring work, recent studies have focused on the professional quality of life of oncology nurses. China, the world's largest developing country, faces heavy burdens of care for cancer patients. Chinese oncology nurses may be encountering the negative side of their professional life. However, studies in this field are scarce, and little is known about the prevalence and predictors of oncology nurses' professional quality of life. To describe and explore the prevalence of predictors of professional quality of life (compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction) among Chinese oncology nurses under the guidance of two theoretical models. A cross-sectional design with a survey. Ten tertiary hospitals and five secondary hospitals in Shanghai, China. A convenience and cluster sample of 669 oncology nurses was used. All of the nurses worked in oncology departments and had over 1 year of oncology nursing experience. Of the selected nurses, 650 returned valid questionnaires that were used for statistical analyses. The participants completed the demographic and work-related questionnaire, the Chinese version of the Professional Quality of Life Scale for Nurses, the Chinese version of the Jefferson Scales of Empathy, the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, the Perceived Social Support Scale, and the Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory brief version. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, simple and multiple linear regressions were used to determine the predictors of the main research variables. Higher compassion fatigue and burnout were found among oncology nurses who had more years of nursing experience, worked in secondary hospitals and adopted passive coping styles. Cognitive empathy, training and support from organizations were identified as significant protectors, and 'perspective taking' was the strongest predictor of compassion satisfaction, explaining 23.0% of the variance. Personality traits of openness and conscientiousness were positively associated with compassion satisfaction, while neuroticism was a negative predictor, accounting for 24.2% and 19.8% of the variance in compassion fatigue and burnout, respectively. Oncology care has unique features, and oncology nurses may suffer from more work-related stressors compared with other types of nurses. Various predictors can influence the professional quality of life, and some of these should be considered in the Chinese nursing context. The results may provide clues to help nurse administrators identify oncology nurses' vulnerability to compassion fatigue and burnout and develop comprehensive strategies to improve their professional quality of life.

Yu H ，Jiang A ，Shen J 《-》

The Prevalence and Predictors of Compassion Satisfaction, Burnout and Secondary Traumatic Stress in Registered Nurses in an Eastern Canadian Province: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Maddigan J ，Brennan M ，McNaughton K ，White G ，Snow N ... -  《-》

Predictors of compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction among emergency nurses: A cross-sectional survey.

Challenging emergency caring situations can contribute to compassion fatigue and burnout among emergency nurses. These variables have been widely researched, although not among Chinese nurses. Pertinent findings will extend the international literature in this domain. This study aimed to develop and test a model that delineates the predictive relationship that empathy, self-compassion, job satisfaction, individual and work-related factors share with compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted. Data were collected from 186 emergency nurses recruited from eight hospitals across six cities in China. Descriptive statistics were computed, and univariate and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted. Empathy, job satisfaction, and self-compassion explained a substantial proportion of the variance in compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction. Factors related to life disruption and traumatic memories significantly predicted compassion fatigue and burnout. The final model included the following predictors: prior history of a severe illness, perspective taking, compassionate care, employee engagement, mindfulness, self-judgement, and over-identification. Stress involved in providing emergency care may increase emotional and work-related burden among emergency nurses. Organisations should design interventions that nurture empathy, promote self-compassion, and improve job satisfaction to alleviate their compassion fatigue and burnout and increase compassion satisfaction.

Yu H ，Qiao A ，Gui L 《-》