Low-level mosaic trisomy 9 at amniocentesis in a pregnancy associated with a favorable fetal outcome, intrauterine growth restriction, cytogenetic discrepancy between cultured amniocytes and uncultured amniocytes and perinatal progressive decrease of the

We present low-level mosaic trisomy 9 at amniocentesis in a pregnancy associated with a favorable fetal outcome, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), cytogenetic discrepancy between cultured amniocytes and uncultured amniocytes and perinatal progressive decrease of the aneuploid cell line. A 37-year-old, primigravid woman underwent amniocentesis at 17 weeks of gestation because of advanced maternal age. This pregnancy was conceived by in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Amniocentesis revealed a karyotype of 47,XY,+9[11]/46,XY[32], and simultaneous array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis on the DNA extracted from uncultured amniocytes revealed arr (X,Y) × 1, (1-22) × 2 without genomic imbalance. Prenatal ultrasound and parental karyotypes were normal. Repeat amniocentesis at 22 weeks of gestation revealed a karyotype of 47,XY,+9[5]/46,XY[19], and simultaneous aCGH analysis on the DNA extracted from uncultured amniocytes revealed arr 9p24.3q34.3 × 2.1 (log2 ratio = 0.1) compatible with 10-15% mosaicism for trisomy 9. Quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) assays excluded uniparental disomy (UPD) 9. A third amniocentesis at 29 weeks of gestation revealed a karyotype of 47,XY,+9[5]/46,XY[18], and simultaneous aCGH analysis on the DNA extracted from uncultured amniocytes revealed arr 9p24.3q34.3 × 2.1 (log2 ratio = 0.1) compatible with 10-15% mosaicism for trisomy 9. Interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis on uncultured amniocytes revealed 9% (9/100 cells) mosaicism for trisomy 9. IUGR was noted on prenatal ultrasound. The pregnancy was carried to 38 weeks of gestation, and a 2375-g phenotypically normal male baby was delivered. The karyotypes of umbilical cord, cord blood and placenta were 46,XY (40/40 cells), 47,XY,+9[1]/46,XY[39] and 47,XY,+9[12]/46,XY[28], respectively. QF-PCR assays on placenta showed trisomy 9 of maternal origin. When follow-up at age two months, the neonate was normal in development. The peripheral blood had a karyotype of 46,XY (40/40 cells), and the buccal mucosal cells had 7.5% (8/106 cells) mosaicism for trisomy 9 by interphase FISH analysis. Low-level mosaic trisomy 9 at amniocentesis can be associated with a favorable fetal outcome and cytogenetic discrepancy between cultured amniocytes and uncultured amniocytes.

Chen CP ，Lai TH ，Chen SW ，Chern SR ，Wu FT ，Wu PS ，Pan YT ，Chen WL ，Pan CW ，Wang W ... -  《-》

Low-level mosaic trisomy 2 at amniocentesis in a pregnancy associated with positive NIPT and CVS results for trisomy 2, maternal uniparental disomy 2, perinatal progressive decrease of the aneuploid cell line, cytogenetic discrepancy between cultured amni

We present low-level mosaic trisomy 2 at amniocentesis in a pregnancy associated with positive non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and chorionic villus sampling (CVS) results for trisomy 2, maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) 2, perinatal progressive decrease of the aneuploid cell line, cytogenetic discrepancy between cultured amniocytes and uncultured amniocytes, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and a favorable fetal outcome. A 35-year-old, primigravid woman underwent amniocentesis at 16 weeks of gestation because both NIPT at 9 weeks of gestation and CVS at 11 weeks of gestation revealed trisomy 2. This pregnancy was conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET). Amniocentesis revealed a karyotype of 47,XY,+2[11]/46,XY[19]. Prenatal ultrasound findings were normal. She was referred to the hospital for genetic counseling at 20 weeks of gestation, and repeat amniocentesis performed at 24 weeks of gestation revealed a karyotype of 46,XY (22/22 colonies). The parental karyotypes were normal. Quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) analysis on the DNA extracted from uncultured amniocytes and parental bloods revealed maternal uniparental heterodisomy of chromosome 2. Simultaneous molecular cytogenetic analysis on uncultured amniocytes showed the results of arr 2p25.3q37.3 × 2.4 with a log2 ratio = 0.26, consistent with 40% mosaicism for trisomy 2 by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), and 28% (28/100 cells) mosaicism for trisomy 2 by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Despite IUGR on fetal ultrasound, the woman was advised to continue the pregnancy, and a 2252-g phenotypically normal male baby was delivered at 38 weeks of gestation. The karyotypes of cord blood, umbilical cord and placenta were 46,XY (40/40 colonies), 46,XY (40/40 colonies) and 47,XY,+2[9]/46,XY[31], respectively. QF-PCR analysis on cord blood, umbilical cord and placenta confirmed uniparental heterodisomy of chromosome 2 in the cord blood and umbilical cord, and maternal origin of trisomy 2 in the placenta. FISH analysis on buccal mucosal cells at age 1.5 months revealed 8.7% (9/104 cells) mosaicism for trisomy 2. When follow-up at age four months, the neonate manifested a normal phenotype except intermittent hypoventilation. Molecular analysis of the PHOX2B gene revealed a normal result. When follow-up at age one year, he manifested normal development. Mosaic trisomy 2 at prenatal diagnosis should alert the possibility of UPD 2 and include a UPD 2 testing. Low-level mosaic trisomy 2 at amniocentesis can be associated with perinatal progressive decrease of the aneuploid cell line and a favorable fetal outcome.

Chen CP ，Wu FT ，Chern SR ，Wu PS ，Pan YT ，Lee CC ，Pan CW ，Wang W ... -  《-》

Prenatal diagnosis of mosaic trisomy 18 and maternal uniparental disomy 18 by amniocentesis in a pregnancy associated with cytogenetic discrepancy in various tissues and a favorable fetal outcome.

We present prenatal diagnosis of mosaic trisomy 18 and maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) 18 in a pregnancy with a favorable fetal outcome. A 34-year-old woman underwent amniocentesis at 17 weeks of gestation because of advanced maternal age, and the result was 47,XY,+18 [4]/46,XY [25] in cultured amniocytes. Simultaneous array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) on uncultured amniocytes revealed 65% mosaicism for trisomy 18. Prenatal ultrasound was normal. She consulted our hospital and underwent repeat amniocentesis at 22 weeks of gestation, and the result revealed a karyotype of 47,XY,+18 [9]/46,XY [12] in cultured amniocytes. Simultaneous aCGH on uncultured amniocytes revealed arr 18p11.32q23 × 2.4 (log2 ratio = 0.3) consistent with 40% mosaicism for trisomy 18. Parental karyotypes were normal. Quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) analysis on the DNA extracted from parental bloods and uncultured amniocytes confirmed maternal uniparental heterodisomy of chromosome 18. At 26 weeks of gestation, she underwent the third amniocentesis which revealed a karyotype of 47,XY,+18 [7]/46,XY [19] in cultured amniocytes. Simultaneous aCGH on uncultured amniocytes revealed arr 18p11.32q23 × 2.4 (log2 ratio = 0.27) consistent with 40% mosaicism for trisomy 18. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on uncultured amniocytes revealed 38% (38/100 cells) mosaicism for trisomy 18. The woman was advised to continue the pregnancy, and a 2620-g phenotypically normal male baby was delivered at 40 weeks of gestation. At birth, the karyotypes of cord blood, umbilical cord and placenta were 47,XY,+18 [14]/46,XY [26], 47,XY,+18 [9]/46,XY [31] and 47,XY,+18 (40/40 cells), respectively. When follow-up at age 2½ months, the neonate was phenotypically normal. The peripheral blood had a karyotype of 47,XY,+18 [28]/46,XY [12], and interphase FISH analysis on buccal mucosal cells detected 6.4% (7/93 cells) mosaicism for trisomy 18, compared with 0% (0/100 cells) in the normal control. When follow-up at age seven months, the neonate was normal in development, and the peripheral blood had a karyotype of 47,XY,+18 [18]/46,XY [22]. Mosaic trisomy 18 at amniocentesis can be associated with cytogenetic discrepancy in various tissues, UPD 18 and a favorable fetal outcome. Prenatal diagnosis of mosaic trisomy 18 should alert the possibility of UPD 18 and include UPD testing.

Chen CP ，Wu FT ，Pan YT ，Chern SR ，Wu PS ，Chiu CL ，Lee CC ，Chen WL ，Wang W ... -  《-》

Low-level mosaic trisomy 21 at amniocentesis in a pregnancy associated with cytogenetic discrepancy between cultured amniocytes and uncultured amniocytes, perinatal progressive decrease of the aneuploid cell line and a favorable fetal outcome.

We present low-level mosaic trisomy 21 at amniocentesis in a pregnancy with a favorable fetal outcome. A 34-year-old, primigravid woman underwent amniocentesis at 17 weeks of gestation because of advanced maternal age. Amniocentesis revealed a karyotype of 47,XY,+21 [7]/46,XY [33]. At 23 weeks of gestation, repeat amniocentesis revealed a karyotype of 47,XY,+21 [4]/46,XY [22], and cord blood sampling revealed the karyotype of 47,XY,+21 [5]/46,XY [35]. The parental karyotypes were normal. Quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) analysis on uncultured amniocytes and parental bloods excluded UPD 21, array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis on uncultured amniocytes revealed the result of arr 21q11.2q22.3 × 2.3, consistent with 30% mosaicism for trisomy 21. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis on uncultured amniocytes revealed 43.8% (35/80 cells) mosaicism for trisomy 21. The woman was advised to continue the pregnancy, and a phenotypically normal 3,340-g male baby was delivered at 39 weeks of gestation. The cord blood had a karyotypes of 46,XY (40/40 cells). QF-PCR on placenta showed mosaic trisomy 21. When follow-up at age three months, the neonate was normal in phenotype and development. FISH analysis on buccal mucosal cells showed 9% (10/101 cells) mosaicism for trisomy 21, compared with 0% (0/100 cells) in the normal control. Low-level mosaic trisomy 21 at amniocentesis can be associated with cytogenetic discrepancy between cultured amniocytes and uncultured amniocytes, perinatal progressive decrease of the aneuploid cell line and a favorable fetal outcome.

Chen CP ，Wu FT ，Pan YT ，Wu PS ，Pan CW ，Wang W ... -  《-》

Low-level mosaic trisomy 15 at amniocentesis without uniparental disomy 15 in a pregnancy associated with cytogenetic discrepancy between uncultured amniocytes and cultured amniocytes, a favorable fetal outcome and perinatal decrease of the aneuploid cell

We present low-level mosaic trisomy 15 without uniparental disomy (UPD) 15 in a pregnancy associated with cytogenetic discrepancy between uncultured amniocytes and cultured amniocytes, a favorable fetal outcome and perinatal decrease of the aneuploid cell line. A 40-year-old, gravida 2, para 0, woman underwent amniocentesis at 16 weeks of gestation because advanced maternal age. This pregnancy was conceived by in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Amniocentesis revealed a karyotype of 47,XX,+15 [7]/46,XX [43]. Simultaneous array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis on the DNA extracted from uncultured amniocytes revealed arr (15) × 2-3 (X) × 2 with 14% mosaicism for trisomy 15, and ME028 multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) methylation test excluded UPD 15. Prenatal ultrasound and parental karyotypes were normal. She was referred for genetic counseling, and repeat amniocentesis performed at 28 weeks of gestation revealed 46, XX (20/20 colonies) in cultured amniocytes, and in uncultured amniocytes, interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed 13.7% (16/117 cells) mosaicism for trisomy 15, aCGH analysis revealed arr [GRCh(hg19)] 15q11.22q26.3 (22, 765, 628-102,256,748) × 2.4 with a log2 ratio = 0.26, consistent with 40% mosaicism for trisomy 15, and quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) assays excluded UPD 15. The woman was encouraged to continue the pregnancy. At 37 weeks of gestation, a 2400-g phenotypically normal female baby was delivered without any abnormality. The cord blood had 46, XX (40/40 cells). QF-PCR assays determined maternal origin of trisomy 15 in the placenta. When follow-up at age 5 months, the neonate was normal in physical and psychomotor development. FISH analysis on 102 buccal mucosal cells detected 2 cells (2%, 2/102 cells) with trisomy 15 signals, compared with 1% in normal control. Low-level mosaic trisomy 15 at amniocentesis without UPD 15 can be a transient and benign condition, and can be associated with a favorable fetal outcome and perinatal decrease of the aneuploid cell line.

Chen CP ，Chen SW ，Chern SR ，Wu PS ，Wu FT ，Pan YT ，Chen YY ，Wang W ... -  《-》