Biomonitoring and risk assessment of naturally and chemically synthesized iron-oxide nanoparticles: A comparative approach.

Nanostructured oxides and oxyhydroxides of iron are imperative constituents of the Earth's geological and biological processes i.e. biogeochemical cycles. So, the characteristic applications of iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONps) are closely linked to their surroundings and biological sinks. This work reports a low-cost green approach to promote 'waste-to-wealth' ideology by the direct and self-catalysis of iron rust into its nanoparticles (N-FeONps). A comparison is drawn based on the properties, morphologies, and applications after synthesizing FeONps by chemical precipitation method (C-FeONps). Spherical nanoparticles with vibrational properties are obtained in the size domain of 32 nm (N-FeONps) and 23 nm (C-FeONps). The application of Uniform deformation model, Uniform stress deformation model, Uniform deformation energy density model, and Size-strain plot models reveal comparatively greater defects in the crystal structures of C-FeONps. The biosafety profiling of natural and chemically designed nano-units performed on the species of bacteria, fungus, algae, and plants have shown enhanced safety terms associated with N-FeONps. The performance of N-FeONps has surpassed its chemical counterpart in medical applications such as antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory activity with approximate percentages of 26 % and 51 % respectively. The findings of this piece of work favors the naturally obtained FeONps (N-FeONps), as they are economically viable, non-toxic, and have a greater antioxidant and anti-inflammatory arena. Hence, this waste-to-wealth ideology should be promoted for maintaining waste and designing solutions for the medical industries in one go.

Jasrotia T ，Dhiman N ，Sharma N ，Singh A ，Chaudhary S ，Chaudhary GR ，Kumar R ... -  《-》

Iron/iron oxide nanoparticles: advances in microbial fabrication, mechanism study, biomedical, and environmental applications.

Ashraf N ，Ahmad F ，Da-Wei L ，Zhou RB ，Feng-Li H ，Yin DC ... -  《-》

Biosynthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using leaf extract of Ruellia tuberosa: Antimicrobial properties and their applications in photocatalytic degradation.

Green synthesis of nanoparticles is one of the promising, ecofriendly and safer methods. Utilizing plant sources as reducing agents will replace the use of toxic chemicals for nanoparticle synthesis. In the present study FeONPs were synthesized using Ruellia tuberosa (RT) leaf aqueous extract, further characterization of FeONPs was performed using UV-vis spectroscopy analysis showing visible peak at 405 nm. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) proved the presence of Fe metallic ions. The structural characteristic using Field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (FESEM-EDX) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed hexagonal nanorods with agglomeration. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) calculated the average size of FeONPs around 52.78 nm and differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) proved the stability of FeONPs till higher temperature of 165.52 °C. As an application part, the synthesized FeONPs showed potential antibacterial activity as individual and incorporating material over cotton fabrics against Gram negative and Gram positive pathogens. FeONPs showed higher antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and lesser antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The photocatalytic ability of the synthesized FeONPs was demonstrated by the degrading crystal violet dye under solar irradiation upto 80%. Thus, FeONPs synthesized using Ruellia tuberosa could play a vital role in killing the bacterial pathogens and degrading dye for the bioremediation of wastewater from industrial and domestic sources.

Vasantharaj S ，Sathiyavimal S ，Senthilkumar P ，LewisOscar F ，Pugazhendhi A ... -  《-》

Chondroitin sulfate and its nanocomposites with protamine or chitosan stabilize and deliver available nanosized iron.

Nanostructured iron (III) compounds are promising candidates for iron fortification applications due to their good solubility, bioavailability, and redox inertia. The current study synthesized ferric oxyhydroxide nanoparticles (FeONPs) based on chondroitin sulfate (ChS) and its nanocomposites with protamine sulfate (PS) or chitosan (CS) in neutral aqueous solution under ambient conditions, and evaluated their iron availability to polarized human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed that ChS-FeONPs were wave-like anionic particles where FeONPs attached on the polysaccharide chains and PS/ChS-FeONPs and CS/ChS-FeONPs were irregular anionic nanoparticles where FeONPs scattered across the entire region. The calcein-fluorescence-quenching assay in polarized Caco-2 cells showed good iron uptake from ChS-FeONPs, PS/ChS-FeONPs and CS/ChS-FeONPs mainly via endocytosis, with the latter two exhibiting better iron absorption. Overall, our study provides a more facile and greener alternative route to synthesize the bioavailable nano-sized iron.

Feng G ，Tang S ，Gang Y ，Zeng M ，Wu H ... -  《-》

Facile Green Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Impact on Cytotoxicity, Antioxidative Properties and Bactericidal Activity.

Shah SS ，Turakhia BP ，Purohit N ，Kapadiya KM ，Sahoo CR ，Prajapati A ... -  《-》