Case report: Importance of early and continuous tocilizumab therapy in nephrotic syndrome associated with idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease: A case series.

Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) is a systemic and polyclonal lymphoproliferative disease involving multiple organs, including the kidneys, due to the overproduction of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Recently, several reports have suggested that excessive IL-6 actions in iMCD could have a causal relationship with the development of diverse histopathological renal manifestations that cause nephrotic syndrome. However, the treatment for such cases remains unclear. We report a series of three cases of nephrotic syndrome due to iMCD that helps to delineate the importance of early and continuous therapy with the anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody tocilizumab. First, treatment was suspended for infectious control, and the patient presented with nephrotic syndrome due to diffuse mesangial and endocapillary hypercellularity without immune deposits complicating acute kidney injury. Second, iMCD was treated with prednisolone alone. The patient suddenly developed nephrotic syndrome due to immune-complex glomerulonephritis, not otherwise specified, complicated with acute kidney injury. In the third case, nephrotic syndrome secondary to membranous glomerulonephritis was diagnosed, with a skin rash and IgE antibodies to tocilizumab, and was therefore treated with prednisolone alone. In contrast to the first two cases, the third progressed to end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis. Taken together, this series suggests that clinicians should maintain clinical vigilance for iMCD as a possible underlying component of nephrotic syndrome, since iMCD presents with a variety of renal pathologies. Prompt initiation and continuous administration of tocilizumab are likely key determinants of renal outcomes in such cases. In particular, when tocilizumab is suspended due to infection or in the perioperative period, consideration of its expeditious resumption should be made, taking into account both the withdrawal period and systemic conditions.

Kojima D ，Yamaguchi S ，Hashiguchi A ，Hayashi K ，Uchiyama K ，Yoshimoto N ，Adachi K ，Nakayama T ，Nishioka K ，Tajima T ，Morimoto K ，Yoshino J ，Yoshida T ，Monkawa T ，Kanda T ，Itoh H ... -  《Frontiers in Medicine》

Membranous nephropathy with thrombotic microangiopathy-like lesions successfully treated with tocilizumab in a patient with idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease.

Tosaki T ，Okabe M ，Suzuki T ，Shimizu A ，Koike K ，Tsuboi N ，Kawamura T ，Ohashi R ，Yano S ，Yokoo T ... -  《-》

Two cases of idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease with nephrotic syndrome treated with tocilizumab.

Furutera N ，Fukunaga N ，Okita J ，Suzuki T ，Suenaga Y ，Oyama Y ，Aoki K ，Fukuda A ，Nakata T ，Uesugi N ，Daa T ，Hisano S ，Shibata H ... -  《-》

Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease with Sjögren's syndrome and secondary membranous nephropathy: a case report and review of the literature.

Pan Y ，Cui Z ，Wang S ，Zheng D ，Deng Z ，Tian X ，Guo H ，Bao W ，Zhou S ，Wang Y ... -  《BMC Nephrology》

Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease treated with siltuximab for 15 years: a case report.

Human herpes virus-8 (HHV8)-negative, idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder sustained by pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6). According to the international evidence-based criteria developed by the Castleman Disease Collaborative Network (CDCN), siltuximab, which works by inhibiting IL-6, is the recommended choice for iMCD treatment. We report a case of a 63-year-old white male with iMCD who has been on maintenance therapy with siltuximab for 15 years - representing one of the longest treatment periods of any patient with iMCD treated with siltuximab. The patient initially presented with fatigue and night sweats, with progressive worsening of the symptoms. Whole-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography revealed hypermetabolic lymphadenopathy. The patient had histopathologically confirmed Castleman disease, plasma cell type, and was negative for HHV8 and human immunodeficiency virus. The patient had abnormally high C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, a surrogate measure for IL-6. The patient was treated with high-dose steroids but had recurring lymphadenopathy early on. He was enrolled in the phase I dose-finding clinical trial of siltuximab, during which he achieved marked clinical improvement and sustained inhibition of CRP. The patient was enrolled in the long-term safety study and continues to receive siltuximab at 11 mg/kg every 3 weeks. He is presently receiving commercial siltuximab and has remained asymptomatic, with no evidence of lymphadenopathy. The case study presented is consistent with the evidence that siltuximab is a safe and effective therapy for the long-term management of iMCD. In addition, this case highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis for patients with iMCD, as effective therapy is available for patients as described in the CDCN and National Comprehensive Cancer Network iMCD treatment guidelines. The case of a 63-year-old white male with idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease who was successfully treated with siltuximab for 15 years: Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) is a group of rare lymphoproliferative disorders with shared histopathological features that affect lymph nodes in multiple regions of the body. The signs and symptoms of iMCD can be varied, with the disease being mild in some patients while life-threatening in others. A timely diagnosis of iMCD can be challenging but is required for effective management. We report a case of a patient who was diagnosed with iMCD. The patient was given high-dose steroids but continued to show progressive disease. He was then started on siltuximab, a targeted antibody therapy against a specific cytokine (interleukin-6) involved in inflammation. The patient responded well to the treatment, has shown evidence of long-term disease control, and has not reported any serious adverse events related to long-term siltuximab use. He has received 11 mg/kg of siltuximab every 3 weeks for the past 15 years. This case emphasizes the value of using siltuximab therapy for long-term management of this rare disorder. In addition, it highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis for patients with iMCD, as effective therapy is available, as described in iMCD treatment guidelines.

Lang E ，Sande B ，Brodkin S ，van Rhee F ... -  《-》