The cost of illness analysis of inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition involving individuals across all age groups. Recent data suggests the increase in the prevalence of IBD and the surge in applying the biologic drugs in which both change the cost of IBD in recent years. Comprehensive assessment of direct and indirect cost profiles associated with IBD in our area is scarce. This study aimed to determine the economic burden of IBD in Iran from a societal perspective, using cost diaries. Patients available on clinic registry and hospital information system (HIS), who were diagnosed with IBD, were invited to take part in this study. Demographic and clinical data, the healthcare resource utilization or cost items, absenteeism for the patients and their caregivers were obtained. The cost of the used resources were derived from national tariffs. The data regarding premature mortality in IBD patients was extracted from HIS. Productivity loss was estimated based on the human capital method. Then, cost date were calculated as mean annual costs per patient. The cost diaries were obtained from 240 subjects (Ulcerative colitis: n = 168, Crohn's disease, n = 72). The mean annual costs per patient were 1077 US$ (95% CI 900-1253), and 1608 (95% CI 1256, 1960) for the patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, respectively. Of the total costs, 58% and 63% were in terms of the indirect costs for the patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, respectively. The cost of illness for country was found to be 22,331,079 US$ and 15,183,678 US$ for patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, respectively. Highest nationwide economic burden of IBD was found for patients older than 40 years were estimated to be 8,198,519 US$ and 7,120,891 US$, for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, respectively. The medication was found to be the greatest contributor of direct medical costs. Productivity loss in terms of long-term disability and premature mortality were major components of IBD's economic burden in Iran.

Pakdin M ，Zarei L ，Bagheri Lankarani K ，Ghahramani S ... -  《BMC GASTROENTEROLOGY》

The Impact of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Canada 2018: Indirect Costs of IBD Care.

Kuenzig ME ，Lee L ，El-Matary W ，Weizman AV ，Benchimol EI ，Kaplan GG ，Nguyen GC ，Bernstein CN ，Bitton A ，Lee K ，Cooke-Lauder J ，Murthy SK ... -  《-》

Costs of inflammatory bowel disease in Germany.

Stark R ，König HH ，Leidl R 《-》

The Cost of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Initiative From the Crohn's & Colitis Foundation.

The Crohn's & Colitis Foundation's Cost of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Care Initiative seeks to quantify the wide-ranging health care costs affecting patients living with IBD. We aimed to (1) describe the annualized direct and indirect costs of care for patients with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC), (2) determine the longitudinal drivers of these costs, and (3) characterize the cost of care for newly diagnosed patients. We analyzed the Optum Research Database from the years 2007 to 2016, representing commercially insured and Medicare Advantage-insured patients in the United States. Inclusion for the study was limited to those who had continuous enrollment with medical and pharmacy benefit coverage for at least 24 months (12 months before through 12 months after the index date of diagnosis). The value of patient time spent on health care was calculated as number of workplace hours lost due to health care encounters multiplied by the patients' estimated average wage derived from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Comparisons between IBD patients and non-IBD patients were analyzed based on demographics, health plan type, and length of follow-up. We used generalized linear models to estimate the association between total annual costs and various patient variables. There were 52,782 IBD patients (29,062 UC; 23,720 CD) included in the analysis (54.1% females). On a per-annual basis, patients with IBD incurred a greater than 3-fold higher direct cost of care compared with non-IBD controls ($22,987 vs $6956 per-member per-year paid claims) and more than twice the out-of-pocket costs ($2213 vs $979 per-year reported costs), with all-cause IBD costs rising after 2013. Patients with IBD also experienced significantly higher costs associated with time spent on health care as compared with controls. The burden of costs was most notable in the first year after initial IBD diagnosis (mean = $26,555). The study identified several key drivers of cost for IBD patients: treatment with specific therapeutics (biologics, opioids, or steroids); ED use; and health care services associated with relapsing disease, anemia, or mental health comorbidity. The costs of care for IBD have increased in the last 5 years and are driven by specific therapeutics and disease features. In addition, compared with non-IBD controls, IBD patients are increasingly incurring higher costs associated with health care utilization, out-of-pocket expenditures, and workplace productivity losses. There is a pressing need for cost-effective strategies to address these burdens on patients and families affected by IBD.

Park KT ，Ehrlich OG ，Allen JI ，Meadows P ，Szigethy EM ，Henrichsen K ，Kim SC ，Lawton RC ，Murphy SM ，Regueiro M ，Rubin DT ，Engel-Nitz NM ，Heller CA ... -  《-》

The Impact of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Canada 2018: Direct Costs and Health Services Utilization.

Kuenzig ME ，Benchimol EI ，Lee L ，Targownik LE ，Singh H ，Kaplan GG ，Bernstein CN ，Bitton A ，Nguyen GC ，Lee K ，Cooke-Lauder J ，Murthy SK ... -  《-》